沸石曝气生物滤池预处理微污染源水

考察了沸石曝气生物滤池(ZBAF)处理微污染源水的效果及其影响因素，结果表明，在停留时间为15～60min、气水比为1：1、水温为17～26℃的条件下，处理CODMn为6．1～10．8mg／L、NH4^ -N为2．3～5．2mg／L的微污染源水时，对CODMn、NH4^ -N、UV254、浊度的平均去除率分别为31．2％、94．8％、9．3％和67．1％，且抗冲击负荷能力强。     

DO和HRT对MBR同步硝化反硝化影响研究

通过连续运行MBR研究了DO和HRT对同步硝化反硝化的影响,同时对好氧反应器中实现SND的机理进行了探讨.试验结果表明:COD在250 mg/L左右,C/N为10∶1,MLSS为3500 mg/L,HRT为8.5h的相对稳定条件下,当DO为0.6~0.8 mg/L时,总氮去除率达66.7%,取得了最好的TN去除效果,DO过高或过低都会影响同步硝化反硝化的进行;控制DO在1.0 mg/L左右,其他操作条件相同,HRT为5 h,TN去除率达到最高为60%以上,随HRT的延长,同步硝化反硝化效果反而下降;研究结果还表明由于好氧反应器中缺氧区的存在,控制操作条件可以实现SND,同时也存在着短程SND的现象,实现SND可能是几种作用机制的共同结果.     

有机负荷对厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢系统的影响

采用连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR),通过改变进水COD浓度与水力停留时间(HRT)2种方式,考察了有机负荷(OLR)对厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢系统产氢特性的影响.结果表明,在维持HRT 8 h、(35±1)℃不变的条件下,CSTR发酵产氢系统在进水COD浓度为6 000 mg/L(OLR为18 kg/(m3·d))时可获得较高的产氢量,平均为10.96 L/d;当进水COD浓度提高到8 000 mg/L(OLR为24 kg/(m3·d))时,系统产氢能力迅速下降.在维持进水COD浓度为6 000 mg/L、(35±1)℃不变的条件下,HRT为6 h(OLR为24 kg/(m3·d))时,CSTR发酵产氢系统的最大产氢量为16.2 L/d;当HRT降至4 h(OLR为36 kg/(m3·d))时,反应系统逐渐丧失了产氢能力.有机负荷过高,将引起了厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢系统内pH、碱度、氧化还原电位等生态条件的剧烈变化,不仅导致了厌氧活性污泥的微生物群落结构的改变,同时严重抑制了微生物的代谢活性.     

AO工艺同步脱氮除磷效能的研究

采用A／O同步脱氮除磷工艺处理模拟污水,调整DO、HRT、内回流、进水污染物的浓度等影响因素,考察了该工艺单位活性污泥处理污水中TN、TP的能力。结果表明,当好氧区DO控制在0．6mg／L左右,HRT控制在10h,内回流比控制在1：1时,单位活性污泥处理污水TN、TP的能力最强,单位活性污泥TN去除速率达到14×10^-3mg／（L·mg MLVSS·h）,单位活性污泥TP去除速率达到0．14×10^-3mg／（L·mg MLVSS·h）,AO系统实现了同步硝化反硝化和反硝化除磷。     

UASB反应器处理活性黑KN-B废水的研究

采用UASB反应器处理活性黑KN—B废水,研究了水力停留时间（HRT）、碳源组成及浓度等因素对废水处理效果的影响,考察了反应器对该废水可生化性降解的作用。试验结果表明：反应器的最佳HRT为24h,当HRT小于24h时．废水的COD去除率显著降低,而BOD,的去除率不受影响,稳定在90％。在不同葡萄糖和蛋白胨的碳源组合下．碳源含量高于2000mg／L时,废水处理效果差别不大;而碳源含量过低,低于2000mg／L时,COD去除率将明显下降,不利于对废水的处理：而BOD;的去除率受进水碳源组成的影响较小。在试验的各种条件下,UASB反应器的活性污泥都能够有效处理500mg／L的高浓度活性黑KN—B废水,去除率稳定在90％以上。     

Optimization of hydrogen production from pretreated rice straw waste in a mesophilic up‐flow anaerobic staged reactor

This study was carried out to assess the efficiency of a mesophilic up‐flow anaerobic staged reactor for continuous H₂ production from pretreated rice straw waste. The reactor was operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 20, 16, 12, 8 and 4 h. The organic loading rate and sludge residence time were kept constant at 30 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L/day, and 1.9 days, respectively. The results showed that increasing the HRT from 4 to 20 h increased the H₂ production from 0.4 ± 0.1 to 3.6 ± 0.3 L H₂/day, respectively. This corresponds to a H₂ yield of 2.1 ± 0.2 mol H₂/g COD_removed at an HRT of 20 h and 0.03 ± 0.002 mol H₂/g COD_removed at an HRT of 4 h. Likewise, carbohydrate and COD removal efficiency was strongly dependant on HRT. The removal efficiency decreased from 76.5 ± 3.4% to 40 ± 2.2% for carbohydrate and from 77.7 ± 4.3% to 12.2 ± 2.1% for COD when the HRT is reduced from 20 to 4 h, respectively. The addition of presettled sewage sludge to pretreated rice straw at a mixing ratio of 1:4 (v/v) increased the volumetric H₂ production from 3.6 ± 0.3 to 8.2 ± 2.5 L/day and the H₂ yield from 2.1 ± 0.2 to 2.8 ± 0.3 mol H₂/g COD_removed. Moreover, the removal efficiency of COD, volatile solids and carbohydrate was significantly improved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biohydrogen production from organic solid waste in a sequencing batch reactor: An optimization of the hydraulic and solids retention time

Hydrogen production from organic solids waste was evaluated using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under mesophilic conditions, to investigate the effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solids retention time (SRT) on hydrogen production. The examined HRT and SRT values were from 4.6 to 27 h and 17–102 h, respectively. The results showed high hydrogen production rates (1.86 LH₂/L·d) and a yield of 127.26 mLH₂/gCOD_removed for an SRT of 60 h and an HRT of 16 h. The highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (38.6 ± 6.9%) was also obtained under those conditions. The highest substrate hydrolysis percentage (73.0 ± 11.4%) was obtained at an HRT of 16 h and an SRT of 102 h. A short SRT of 20 h affected hydrogen production, which decreased up to 90%. With an SRT of 20 h and an HRT of 16 h, acetic acid-like fatty acids were mainly obtained. In experiments with a long SRT (60 h), the obtained fatty acid was butyrate. The conversion efficiencies for converting particulate material into fatty acids were 51–47% using a long SRT; a short HRT resulted in percentages of 37–40%. A 3D surface analysis was performed using the maximum hydrogen yield conditions as the central point, showing that the optimal hydrogen production can be obtained with an HRT of 16 h and an SRT of 55 h. Microbial analysis showed the predominance of the Olsenella genus at an HRT< 8 h and the presence of Clostridium at an HRT of 16 h. The HRT is the main parameter leading the community composition in the process.     

生活污水兼性生化影响因素分析

在常温条件下采用兼性生化处理生活污水,通过正交试验获取兼性生化降解有机物的影响因素.研究表明,COD去除率与HRT,M LSS和进水有机物浓度有关,M LSS的影响非常显著.过高或过低的M LSS、进水有机物浓度和HRT都会降低COD去除率.在本正交试验中得出最优水平:M LSS为5 500 m g/L,进水有机物浓度为260 m g/L,HRT为8 h,此时COD去除率可达72.5%.     

污水处理管锥形填充床特性研究与分析

填料是生物接触氧化反应器的核心部分,本文从传统填料的优缺点入手,分析了管锥形填料的结构和特性,并对管锥形填充床对污水的处理性能进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,针对模拟废水处理,负荷在2.3～8.0kgBOD5/m3.d范围内(比一般生物滤池负荷高10倍以上),都达到很高的处理效果;HRT为1h时,使污水的COD值由400mg/L降至37mg/L,去除率达92%;出水SS为3mg/L,大大降低二沉池的停留时间,节约投资。     

A/O工艺生物脱氮过程黏性污泥膨胀的发生

采用A/O工艺, 以低ρ(C)/ρ(N) 实际生活污水为研究对象, 首先考察了不加外碳源条件下不同参数条件对脱氮效果的影响, 确定了较优运行参数, 在较优运行参数下氨氮 (ammonia nitrogen, NH₊⁴-N) 平均去除率为100%, 总氮(total nitrogen, TN)平均去除率为49.48%, COD平均去除率为82.03%, 并在此过程中研究了系统黏性膨胀的发生及变化情况.在此基础上增加外碳源使进水的ρ(C)/ρ(N) 提高, 研究了高ρ(C)/ρ(N)条件下系统对污染物的去除和系统黏性膨胀进一步变化情况, 得到了系统的最优运行工况, 最终出水平均ρ(NH₊⁴-N)、ρ(TN)和ρ(COD)均达到了国家一级A排放标准, SVI也稳定在200 mL/g左右.