内循环三相流化床反应器处理味精废水的研究

研究以陶粒粒子为载体,采用快速排泥挂膜法,在内循环三相流化床反应器运行过程中逐渐加大进水量和进水浓度,使微生物适应高氨氮废水环境;研究了水力停留时间、NH4＋-N浓度负荷冲击对NH4＋-N去除率的影响.结果表明：内循环三相流化床可用于处理高NH4＋-N废水;底物浓度越高水力停留时间越长;内循环三相流化床具有较好的抗负荷冲击能力,有利于解决实际废水水质不稳定难以达标排放的困难.     

Effects of hydraulic and solids retention times on productivity and settleability of microbial (microalgal-bacterial) biomass grown on primary treated wastewater as a biofuel feedstock

High biomass productivity and efficient harvesting are currently recognized challenges in microbial biofuel applications. To produce naturally settleable biomass, combined growth of native microalgae and bacteria was facilitated in laboratory sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) using primary treated wastewater from the Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWTP) in New Zealand. SBRs were operated under a simulated, local, summer climate (i.e., 925 μmol/m²/s of photosynthetically active radiation for 14.7 h per day at 21 °C mean water temperature) using 1.4- to 8-day hydraulic retention times (HRTs) to optimize growth. Solids retention times (SRTs) were varied from 4 to 40 days by discharging different ratios of supernatant and completely mixed culture. Biomass productivity up to 31 g/m²/day of solids was obtained, and it generally increased as retention times decreased. Biomass settleability was typically 70-95%, and the microbes aggregated into compact flocs as cultures aged up to four months. Due to a low lipid content of 10.5%, anaerobic digestion appeared to be the most appropriate biofuel conversion process with potential to generate 19,200 m³/ha/yr of methane based on settleable mixture productivity.     

HRT对悬挂链曝气式接触氧化处理污染河水的影响

考察了不同水力停留时间(HRT)下,厌氧-缺氧-悬挂链曝气式接触氧化对重,轻度污染河水的净化效果.结果表明,HRT为2、4、8,12h时,在重、轻度污水水质COD为58.67～85.33mg·L-1、26.67～42.67mg·L-1;NH4+-N为5.20～11.30 mg·L-1、2.79～3.47 mg·L-1,TN为8.10～14.18 mg·L-1,3.15～3.38mg·L-1;TP为0.62～O.82 mg·L-1,0.135～0.39mg·L-1两种典型进水水质情况下,COD、NH+-N和TN的平均去除率都随HRT的增加而升高,但在HRT为8 h后,平均去除率的增幅都变小.TP在重、轻度污水时随HRT变化去除率差异不大.考虑节能与效率,该工艺适宜的HRT为8 h,此时重、轻度污染河水的主要污染指标平均去除率COD为61.87%、25.39%;NH4+-N为61.25%、51.04%;TN为37.66%、26.51%;TP为10.19%、8.77%.     

HRT对3DBER-S工艺深度脱氮同步去除PAEs的影响

为研究三维电极生物膜硫自养耦合脱氮(3DBER-S)工艺同步脱氮去除邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的运行特性,分别针对3个水力停留时间(HRT)梯度(12 h→6 h→3 h),研究了耦合系统内总氮(TN)、PAEs去除及硫酸盐、pH变化情况,并分析了系统脱氮途径及PAEs去除能力.结果表明：在不同HRT下,TN去除率在95%左右,出水TN平均质量浓度均在2 mg/L以下;PAEs的平均去除率均超过80%,其中,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯( DBP)的平均去除率达97%以上,邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)的平均去除率在83%以上.系统的最佳水力停留时间为6 h,该时段系统出水TN维持在0.80 mg·L-1左右,符合《地表水环境质量标准》中郁类水质标准的限值(1.5 mg/L);DBP、DEHP的平均去除负荷分别为594.79、188.13 mg/(m3·d).在3DBER-S系统内,单质硫和阴极产生的H2能够弥补由于HRT缩短、进水NO3--N负荷增加所导致的反硝化电子供体相对不足问题,维持系统高效稳定的脱氮效率;同时,由于填料吸附、生物降解以及化学氧化等作用协同共存,对PAEs具有较强的去除能力.     

水力停留时间及C/N比对后置好氧生物膜双泥反硝化除磷的影响

采用折流板反应器反硝化除磷的双泥系统,考察了反硝化除磷效果.结果表明,在污泥龄为20 d,MISS为4 000 mg/L,水力停留时间、硝化液回流比分别控制为11.73 h,280%时,反应器对总氮的去除率达64.9%,氨氮去除率达99.9%,CODCr去除率达88.7%,PO3-4去除率达92.39%,出水浓度分别为14.2、0.04、22.7、0.37 mg/L.     

新型一体化生物反应器的同步脱氮除磷影响因素研究

为了提高对污水的处理效能,设计了一种新型一体化生物反应器并采用其处理生活污水,研究了DO和HRT对同步脱氮除磷效果的影响,并探讨了其实现机理。试验结果表明：在进水COD为290～510mg／L、MLSS为2500mg／L、污泥龄为15d以及好氧区和缺氧区的溶解氧分别为2mg／L和0．2mg／L时,系统的脱氮除磷效果较好,对TN、TP的去除率分别可达80％和90％,DO过高或过低都会影响同步脱氮除磷的效果。控制DO为最优值,并保持其他操作条件相同,当HRT为12h时对总氮和总磷的去除率均在80％以上,随着HRT的延长,同步脱氮除磷效果反而下降。该一体化反应器集厌氧、缺氧和好氧区为一体,在一定的运行条件下能够实现同步脱氮除磷,是处理生活污水的有效方法。     

生物沸石溶气滤罐处理低温微污染原水的中试

为考察以沸石为填料的溶气滤罐的性能，以低温微污染水为原水进行中试，分析其对氨氮、CODMn和浊度的去除效果，并以π定理推导的综合指标评价滤罐性能。结果表明：夏季运行20d后，对氨氮的去除率稳定在65％，出水NO2^-N浓度较低，生物膜成熟；低温时，HRT由1．5h减少至0.5h，对浊度、氨氮和CODM。的平均去除率分别降低30％、25％和10％。最短和最长HRT下的滤罐综合性能指标较小，综合考虑保证较低滤罐综合性能指标和较好出水水质，HRT可取1．5h，此时出水氨氮浓度〈2mg／L。     

Photolytic treatment of organic constituents and bacterial pathogens in secondary effluent of synthetic slaughterhouse wastewater

The reduction and degradation of total organic carbon (TOC) and bacteria from a secondary effluent of synthetic slaughterhouse wastewater using vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) processes and their combination (UV-C/VUV and VUV/UV-C) were investigated. The TOC removal rates under continuous mode operation ranged from 5.5 to 6.2%. In addition, the treatment with the UV-C/H₂O₂ and VUV/H₂O₂ processes under continuous mode operation doubled the TOC removal rates 10.8 and 12.2%, respectively. The optimum molar ratio of H₂O₂/TOC was found to be 2.5 and 1.5 for the UV-C and VUV processes, respectively. It was observed that all photochemical processes were able to totally inactivate different strains of bacteria with concentrations up to 10⁵ CFU/mL within 27.6 s. Finally, a kinetic model was developed to simulate the TOC degradation from a secondary effluent of synthetic slaughterhouse wastewater.     

厌氧段HRT对A2N工艺反硝化除磷脱氮效果的影响

为了考察厌氧段水力停留时间（HRT）对A2N工艺反硝化除磷脱氮效果的影响,采用连续流双污泥反硝化除磷脱氮装置以生活污水为处理对象,研究了厌氧段在不同HRT时系统的除磷脱氮效果,以及厌氧段不同HRT对系统处理过程的影响。结果表明,厌氧段是A2N工艺实现反硝化除磷脱氮的关键阶段。当厌氧段的HRT过长时,虽然溶解性PO4^3-的总释放量增加,但是后续的缺氧吸磷量和总氮的去除量并没有相应地增加。厌氧段的HRT时间过短,反硝化聚磷菌（DPB）在此对进水中易降解COD（CODRB）吸收不完全,导致后续缺氧吸磷量下降,同时影响了系统的除磷和脱氮效果。在处理实际生活污水水质时,厌氧段的HRT为2h即可满足除磷和脱氮要求。