防火墙安全预警技术的研究与实现

文章提出了用户网络行为习惯模型,并在此基础上实现了FireGuard防火墙安全预警系统,给出了其预警效果。     

Using feedback through digital technology to disrupt and change habitual behavior: A critical review of current literature

Habitual behavior is often hard to change because of a lack of self-monitoring skills. Digital technologies offer an unprecedented chance to facilitate self-monitoring by delivering feedback on undesired habitual behavior. This review analyzed the results of 72 studies in which feedback from digital technology attempted to disrupt and change undesired habits. A vast majority of these studies found that feedback through digital technology is an effective way to disrupt habits, regardless of target behavior or feedback technology used.Unfortunately, methodological issues limit our confidence in the findings of all but 14 of the 50 studies with quantitative measurements in this review. Furthermore, only 4 studies tested for (and only 3 of those 4 found) sustained habit change, and it remains unclear how feedback from digital technology is moderated by receiver states and traits, as well as feedback characteristics such as feedback sign, comparison, tailoring, modality, frequency, timing and duration. We conclude with recommendations for new research directions.     

Properties of Ibuprofen Crystallized Under Various Conditions: A Comparative Study

ABSTRACT

Different crystal forms of the analgesic drug ibuprofen were prepared and characterized in this study. Various conditions were used for the crystallization: crystallization was carried out using the solvent change method, the temperature change method, and the solvent evaporation method. Crystals were grown from different solvents. Different crystal forms with different properties were observed: cubic, needle-shaped, and plate-shaped crystals were obtained. Spherical agglomeration occurs when crystallization is carried out in acetonitrile or methanol. Flowability of these spherical crystals is increased. All crystals were determined as isomorphic by differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray analysis—which queries doubtful results of recent publications. Properties like dissolution behavior and properties influencing the manufacturing of dosage forms—like flowability—differ. Thus the choice of the optimal preparation method influencing the crystal habit is important in manufacturing the drug ibuprofen.     

Evidence that implementation intentions reduce drivers’ speeding behavior: Testing a new intervention to change driver behavior

Implementation intentions have the potential to break unwanted habits and help individuals behave in line with their goal intentions. We tested the effects of implementation intentions in the context of drivers’ speeding behavior. A randomized controlled design was used. Speeding behavior, goal intentions and theoretically derived motivational pre-cursors of goal intentions were measured at both baseline and follow-up (one month later) using self-report questionnaires. Immediately following the baseline questionnaire, the experimental (intervention) group (N = 117) specified implementation intentions using a volitional help sheet, which required the participants to link critical situations in which they were tempted to speed with goal-directed responses to resist the temptation. The control group (N = 126) instead received general information about the risks of speeding. In support of the hypotheses, the experimental group reported exceeding the speed limit significantly less often at follow-up than did the control group. This effect was specific to ‘inclined abstainers’ (i.e., participants who reported speeding more than they intended to at baseline and were therefore motivated to reduce their speeding) and could not be attributed to any changes in goal intentions to speed or any other measured motivational construct. Also in line with the hypotheses, implementation intentions attenuated the past-subsequent speeding behavior relationship and augmented the goal intention – subsequent speeding behavior relationship. The findings imply that implementation intentions are effective at reducing speeding and that they do so by weakening the effect of habit, thereby helping drivers to behave in accordance with their existing goal intentions. The volitional help sheet used in this study is an effective tool for promoting implementation intentions to reduce speeding.     

电脑、人脑与思维

本文以电脑理论为基础建立意识思维过程的模型。结合现代医学成果 ,探讨人类知识学习、行为习惯和心情心态问题。     

Consumer's usage of logistics technologies: Integration of habit into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology

Different logistics technologies are emerging to improve the delivery efficiency and service standard of last-mile logistics. This study aims to understand consumer's usage behaviour of logistics technologies focussing on three representative logistics technologies: buy-online-and-pickup-in-store (BOPS), smart locker and drone delivery. A theoretical model is proposed by integrating the factors of habit and attitude into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). A total of 450 valid questionnaires are collected, and the data are analysed using structural equation modelling. The results suggest that (1) rational factors (i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and attitude) and irrational factor (habit) collectively determine consumers' usage of logistics technologies; and (2) the key driving factors of consumers' usage behaviour of three logistics technologies do vary. The findings enrich the theoretical research on last-mile logistics and provide managerial implications for retail and logistics service providers.     

女性的辉煌—日本建筑师妹岛和世及其获奖作品印象

很长时间以来，某些不应死守的概念和习惯影响着建筑创作。文章强调，建筑作品的创新，要建立在建筑师对现代特征的敏锐把握与审视，以及方便使用者的基础之上。     

运用“木桶效应理论”进行安全教育

“木桶效应理论”应用于安全教育中,从根本上扭转对“三违”和“习惯违章”的认识,大大提高了安全意识,有效地避免了事故     

Ecological performance of electrical consumer products: the influence of automation and information-based measures

Being concerned with the environmental impact of electrical consumer products, this article examines possibilities of influencing ecological user performance through design features. Furthermore, it looks at the relationship of user characteristics and ecological performance. The impact of level of automation and type of control labelling on ecological user performance was examined in a lab-based experimental scenario with 36 users. In addition to performance indicators, a range of user variables (e.g., self-reported domestic behaviour, environmental knowledge and attitude) was measured to assess their influence on user behaviour. The results showed that low-level automation improved ecological performance whereas no such positive effect was observed for enhanced display-control labelling. Furthermore, the results suggested that the user's mental model of ecological performance was rather limited. No relationship was found between environmental knowledge, attitude and performance. The findings pointed at the strong prevalence of habits in the domestic domain. The implications of the results for designers of consumer products are discussed.     

Determinants of an intention to exercise of an electric power commission's employees

The aim of the present study was to identify the psychosocial factors explaining an employee population's intention to exercise. The subjects were 444 employees of an electric power commission. All subjects completed a questionnaire investigating psychosocial variables borrowed from the theories of Fishbein and Ajzen, Triandis, and Ajzen. Employee's intention to exercise during the next six months was explained by habit (β=0.444, p<0.0001), perceived barriers (β =?0.281, p<0.0001), and attitude (β =0.207, p<0.0001). The proportion of variance explained by these variables was 41.4% (p<0.0001). These results are similar to those reported in studies conducted among different sub-groups of the general population. This would seem to suggest that the promotion of regular exercise or habitual physical activity at the worksite should be guided by the same principles which are applied to the promotion of habitual exercise in the general population.