Challenges and research directions for heterogeneous cyber–physical system based on IEC 61850: Vulnerabilities,security requirements,and security architecture

IEC 61850, an international standard for communication networks, is becoming prevalent in the cyber–physical system (CPS) environment, especially with regard to the electrical grid. Recently, since cyber threats in the CPS environment have increased, security matters for individual protocols used in this environment are being discussed at length. However, there have not been many studies on the types of new security vulnerabilities and the security requirements that are required in a heterogeneous protocol environment based on IEC 61850. In this paper, we examine the electrical grid in Korea, and discuss security vulnerabilities, security requirements, and security architectures in such an environment.     

A service interruption free testing methodology for IEDs in IEC 61850-based substation automation systems

This paper presents a methodology for the testing of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in IEC 61850-based substation automation systems (SAS), without any service interruption to the end users, during the testing process. IEC 61850-based SAS provides opportunities for a new level of substation operation, enhancing operating efficiency, and protection reliability based on Ethernet-based communication networks. Due to these changes to the conventional substations, importance and dependency on IEDs is increasing rapidly. Frequency of faults occurring in the power systems is random in nature and is unpredictable. It is necessary to test and maintain the IEDs to ensure their proper operation at crucial times. This paper presents a novel methodology for testing the IEDs, without compromising the service reliability during the testing process. The proposed methodology exploits the inherit characteristics of IEC 61850 standard i.e. Network - based communication, interchangeability between multivendor IEDs, and engineering based on substation configuration language (SCL) files. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed method has been verified by performing several performance verification tests with different performance metrics.     

Phasor measurement based on IEC 61850-9-2 and Kalman–Filtering

This paper proposes a new technique for estimating phasors during the transient phenomena in the electrical power systems. Unlike traditional Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) that estimates phasors at process level, the proposed technique estimates phasors at bay level. The estimation technique relies on a robust recursive Kalman–Filtering, which is employed for computing the phasors based on the time-critical IEC 61850-9-2 Sampled Measured Values casted by the substation Merging Units (MUs). Many evolution tests of the proposed technique have been carried out for both stationary and transient phenomena in power systems to determine the accuracy of the measurements obtained at various conditions. The proposed estimator can produce phasors at bay level with reporting rate of 100 frames per second, which is encouraged in IEEE Std C37.118 and can satisfy higher accuracies than provided by the traditional Phasor Measurement Units, which are 0.01 degree and 0.01% for phase and magnitude, respectively.     

IEC 61850模型信息的规则表达与校验研究

IEC 61850信息模型一致性校验的核心问题是如何对模型信息的规则进行表达。通过对SCL Schema的分析后发现,Schema表达了SCL语言要素的基本语法结构,受限于Schema语言的特点,对不同语法层次上的信息间的约束表达较弱,无法用其来完整地表达IEC 61850模型规则。通过引入Schematron语言,分析其对SCL信息规则表达的规律,实现了IEC 61850模型信息的复杂约束条件的表达,提出将SCL Schema表达与Schematron语言的表达结合起来,对IEC 61850信息模型的规     

基于IEC 61850的配网成套开关状态监测系统研制

为提高配网自动化资产管理水平,针对配网成套开关,研制出一种基于IEC 61850的状态监测系统。系统由就地传感器网络、状态监测IED(智能电子设备Intelligent Electronic Device,以下简称IED)、状态监测诊断系统组成,对配电成套开关设备的机械特性、热特性、绝缘特性进行监测、分析和诊断。状态监测系统遵循IEC 61850第二版状态监测逻辑节点建模,对内、对外通信采用IEC 61850标准通信服务,做到与配网自动化系统无缝结合,可与配电自动化终端(Distribution Terminal Unit,DTU)、配网自动化信息互动。实际工程应用效果表明,监测系统是有效和实用的,可对配网设备提出维护建议,极大减轻维护人员的负担,为配网馈线自动化、自愈功能提供一次设备状态信息,从而加快智能配电网建设。     

智能变电站继电保护GOOSE网络跳闸探讨

现有智能变电站继电保护大多数采用"直采直跳"的模式,但存在装置光口和光缆敷设过多、配置复杂、维护困难等不足。分析了通用面向对象变电站事件(GOOSE)报文传输延时,结果表明网络传输延时占比较小,与网跳相比,直跳并没有优势。分析了GOOSE网跳安全性,提出间隔交换机或检修虚拟局域网(VLAN)可以提高检修扩建情况下的安全性。针对二次设备提出了网跳关键技术及验证测试方案,提出了继电保护应用网络跳闸的网络方案和约束条件。     

大型并网光伏电站监控系统设计与实现

监控系统在大型光伏电站中起着至关重要的作用。在分析光伏电站监控系统功能的基础上设计了监控系统的网络和组成结构,分别讨论了升压站内设备和光伏发电设备的CIM模型,Modbus与IEC 104的映射,以及AGC/AVC控制调节流程等关键技术。运行情况表明,依照此设计和实现的监控系统运行稳定可靠,完全满足大型光伏发电的监控要求。     

电力变压器IEC国际标准最新进展

以电力变压器专业相关的国际标准为主线,提供了已发布实施的和正在制、修订标准的相关信息,重点介绍了IEC/TC 14各工作组目前正在开展的相关标准制、修订工作,同时给出了下一步将要开展的标准制、修订计划项目。     

基于IEC61850/61970的光伏并网监控系统

介绍了一种光伏并网监控系统,系统以Visual Studio2010为平台,采用C#语言实现MCGS组态软件的现场监控、本地监控和采用混合数据库技术的网络界面的远程监控,完成了对电站的各种情况的集中监测和控制。通过IEC61850和IEC61970协议的转化,实现了它们之间的无缝连接,完成与调度中心间的通讯;而且系统在多个光伏电站中应用,其效果表明实用性强、稳定性高、功能完善。