造型与去造型——龙安寺石庭置石设计艺术研究

龙安寺石庭的置石设计是学界持续关注的课题,成果主要有摹状说与冥思说。在空间设计研究的语境下,庭院与禅宗教义的关联问题可转译为其设计能否,以及如何以具象造型的方式唤起禅宗所推崇的基于直观又超越形式的空间体验。石头的单体形态、组合布置,石组内部及石组之间的呼应关系共同构成了以墨绘空的典例。     

Analysis of predictor equations for determining the blast-induced vibration in rock blasting

The paper proposes a new empirical correlation designed to complement the “site laws” currently used to evaluate the attenuation in the rock masses of vibrations induced by rock blasting. The formula contains a deformed exponential known as the K-exponential, which seems to well represent a large number of both natural and artificial phenomena ranging from astrophysics to quantum mechanics, with some extension in the field of economics and finance. Experimental validation of the formula was performed via the analysis of vibration data covering a number of case studies, which differed in terms of both operation and rock type. A total of 12 experimental cases were analysed and the proposed formulation exhibited a good performance in 11 of them. In particular, the proposed law, which was built using blast test data, produced very good approximations of the points representing the vibration measurements and would thus be useful in organising production blasts. However, the developed formula was found to work less well when a correlation obtained for a given site was applied to another presenting similar types of rocks and operations, and thus should not be employed in the absence of measurements from test data.     

分形理论与岩石爆破块度的预报研究

根据分形几何理论,研究了岩石爆破块度的分形特征,发现岩石的爆破块度具有良好的分形结构。探讨了爆破参数与爆破块度分维数之间的关系。笔者认为,对一直困扰我们的由岩石特性引起的爆破成缝的随机性、不规则性和爆破块度分布的复杂性,分形理论可能为岩石爆破后的块度估算、爆前块度的预报和爆破参数的优化研究开创一个新的生长点。     

江汉盆地盐湖碳酸盐岩成藏条件及潜力——以新沟地区新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组为例

在物源、古地形、古气候的控制下,江汉盆地新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组自北而南发育有砂岩相、泥岩相、碳酸盐岩相、硫酸盐以及氯化盐岩相,盆地中南部斜坡带为碳酸盐岩的主要分布区,具有碳酸盐岩与薄层泥岩频繁互层沉积特征;其中碳酸盐岩晶间孔发育,具有较好的储集条件,泥岩有机质丰度高,具有较好的生烃能力,生储配置关系良好;新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组碳酸盐岩成藏条件优越,油气成藏主要受有利烃源岩分布范围、岩性岩相、物性控制,具有烃源岩控藏、岩性物性控富的特征;江汉盆地碳酸盐岩油藏分布广泛,具有较好的勘探开发前景。     

页岩储层可压性评价关键指标体系

从美国的页岩压裂作业经验看,压裂后产能高的气井并非压裂过程复杂、破裂压力高的地层,而是可压裂性好的地层。借鉴美国典型页岩气田的成功压裂经验,从地质评价指标、页岩体积压裂评价指标和工程技术评价指标三方面探索国内页岩可压性评价体系,对页岩气储层的地质特点进行评价,确定总地质储量、地质"甜点"区、成熟度等;获得储层岩石的脆性参数、天然裂缝、地层倾角、地应力等数据,对储层形成体积裂缝的可行性进行评价;探讨压裂增产的方式、射孔方式、压裂液性能等工程技术指标。从中优选影响储层可压性的主导因素,挑选出最能直接反应页岩地质力学可压性的指标,建立一套适合国内复杂地质和工程条件下的页岩气储层可压裂性评价指标体系,为构建页岩可压性评价模型与风险控制方法提供参考指标。     

Relationship between joint development in rock and coal seams in the southeastern margin of the Ordos basin简

To predict joint development characteristics of coal seams, joint characteristics of rock seams from 88 field stations were observed and comparisons were made between joint characteristics of coal and rock seams at 10 coal outcrops. Additionally, detailed joint measurements of underground coal seams were taken at two coal mines. This study investigated the effects of seam thickness, lithology, and structure on joint development and established the relationship between joint development of coal and rock seams, which allowed predictions of predominant joint densities for the No.5 coal seam in the southeastern margin of the Ordos basin. The results show that outcrop and underground coal seams exhibit the same joint systems as rock seams. The joints are mainly upright. Predominant joints strike 55° on average, followed by joints striking 320°. The joint density of the coal seam is 18.7–22.5 times that of the sandstone seam at the same thickness. The predominant joint density of the No.5 coal seam, controlled by the structure, is ∼4–20 joints per meter. Joint densities exhibit high values at intersecting areas of faults and folds and decrease values in structurally stable areas. The permeability increases exponentially with increasing density of the predominant joints.     

岩盐溶解速率的研究

在岩盐溶解速率及其影响因素的实验研究基础上,建立了岩盐溶解速率的计算公式。研究的结果可为岩盐开采和其他水溶法矿物开采提供参考。     

软硬交界面扩孔轨迹预测

水平定向钻穿越施工,在我国已有20多年的历史,克服了传统管道穿越道路、河流等地形时带来的交通阻塞、出行不便、城市绿化等一系列的问题。水平定向钻穿越以其众多优势在天然气等相关线路施工中独占鳌头。然而,现阶段水平定向钻穿越技术还有很多不足,常常因为一些技术上的因素导致整个穿越过程的失败。扩孔过程是定向钻穿越的重要部分,通过研究岩石本构关系、岩石弹塑性力学、岩石损伤以及断裂力学,运用ABAQUS软件对扩孔过程进行仿真,在计算结果中输出扩孔过程经过软硬交界面处其扩孔轨迹的变化情况,使施工人员事先了解扩孔轨迹,并加以控制,避免因扩孔失败而导致整过穿越过程的失败,为顺利铺管提供指导。     

节理构造岩体直剪破坏机理剖析与单点法合理性研究

本文揭示了节理岩体直剪破坏阶段的微观机理与宏观规律、剖析了机理和规律内在的形成原因与有机联系、其中、各不同局部的:“剪位移速率和剪切面两侧之间的相对位移速率”演化过程的微观差异与相互制约规律的发现与剖析,为节理岩体C、(?)峰值直剪单点法的合理性。在国内外首次