Carbon induced phase transformation in electrospun TiO2/multiwall carbon nanotube nanofibers

Nanofibers of titania and composite nanofibers of titania and multiwall carbon nanotubes were synthesized by electrospinning using a sol-gel process combined with activated carbon nanotubes. The relationships of treatment temperature, carbon nanotube content on the crystal phase, fiber morphology, and electric properties are reported. It is found that the rutile phase becomes more prominent at low heat treatment temperatures with an increase of carbon content in nanofibers, be it for higher amount of carbon due to reducing atmosphere or due to an increase in MWCNT. Atmospheric control and lower heat treatment temperatures enable crystalline nanocomposite fibers of anatase where the level of rutile is below the detection limit of XRD or Raman spectroscopy. This work provides a new path to fabricate electrospun TiO₂/MWCNT nanocomposite nanofibers with limited C-induced rutile phase.     

超塑性Y-TZP增韧陶瓷超细粉末的研究

用化学共沉淀法制备了3mol％Y_2O_3-ZrO_2超细粉末。利用热分析,x射线,透射电镜,颗粒粒度分析仪分析了粉料的相组成;颗粒形貌、大小;粉料的团聚状态;化学组成的均一性以及其烧结性能,并结合烧结试样的显微结构和力学性能对粉末的性能做出了评价。实验表明,所制备的粉料组成较为均匀;粒度分布窄;团聚体尺寸小,烧结活性高;颗粒粒度约为200(?)。粉料的相组成主要为四方相和约26％的单斜相。3Y-TZP陶瓷材料三点弯曲强度达1479.14MPa,断裂韧性为13.2MPa·m~(1/2),超塑性压缩变形达190％。     

基于色调区域分割的扫描仪颜色转换

扫描仪的颜色响应数值RGB与对应CIE视觉色度值间的转换用于颜色的正确捕获。实验建立了从RGB到CIEXYZ的转换关系。基于扫描仪响应数值RGB与颜色三刺激值CIEXYZ的形成机理,设计了将颜色空间分割为红、黄、绿、蓝、青、品红共6个色调区域,分别进行关系建立的方法。在两台扫描仪上的实验表明,对IT8.7/2标准色标,采用2阶10项的多项式拟合关系,颜色转换的CIEL*a*b*平均色差可达到1.0左右,最大色差小于4;对检验色标具有同样的转换精度,表明了该方法较强的泛化能力。实验同时表明,采用该方法,RGB到CIEXYZ的转换精度高于到CIEL*a*b*的转换。     

Self‐Expansion Behavior of Silk Fibroin Film

Summary: Silk fibroin cast film was prepared using a ternary solvent system of CaCl₂/CH₃CH₂OH/H₂O (1/2/8 in mole ratio). A drying temperature at casting influenced crystal structure of fibroin. When a drying temperature was set lower than 9 °C, the cast film became amorphous. When a drying temperature was set higher than 40 °C, a fibroin film of silk‐II structure was obtained. In order to produce a fibroin film of silk‐I structure, a preferable temperature range was from 20 to 26 °C. The crystal transformation from random coil structure into silk‐I could be made through exposure of an amorphous film to water vapor. As for the crystal transformation from silk‐I into silk‐II, the treatment with a glycerin solution was effective. In the course of the treatment a film showed self‐thinning and self‐expanding. The expansion ratio exceeded 40% at maximum. The film produced accompanying self‐expansion was ductile in nature.

The apparent self‐expansion percentage as a function of initial thickness of the film. The ductility of the film was classified into four stages from the observation of recovery behavior after folding: ?, very soft; ?, soft; ?, middle; ?, hard (see Figure 5 ).     

An Improved Catalytic Cracking of n-hexane via Methanol Coupling Reaction Over HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts

The coupling transformation of n-hexane and methanol over HZSM-5 has been investigated with a pulse-reaction system. In the temperature range of 400–500 °C, kinetic data was collected and reaction order was determined. Compared with the pure n-hexane cracking, the increased rate constant and the lowered apparent activation energy clearly demonstrate an improvement of n-hexane activation using methanol as co-reactant and an increased contribution of faster bimolecular mechanism to the n-hexane transformation due to methanol introduction. Similarly, the results of coupling transformation performed over HZSM-5 with different Al content further confirm the transition between reaction mechanisms of n-hexane on account of the introduction of methanol. Moreover, the further investigation suggests that the enhancement of n-hexane activation and the change of reaction mechanism are attributed to the presence of intermediate species evolved from methanol. Thus, a proposed reaction pathway of n-hexane activation with methanol as co-reactant was put forward.     

铁氧化物在流化床温度和CO气氛下的形态迁移及其对NO催化还原

利用小型固定床实验台实验研究了铁氧化物在典型流化床温度和CO还原性气氛下的形态迁移及其生成物对NO的催化还原作用,采用分级还原结合X射线衍射（XRD）表征分析,确定铁氧化物与CO和NO反应后生成物的价态及各种铁氧化物对NO的还原机制。结果表明,Fe₂O₃在实验条件下可依次被CO还原为Fe₃O₄、FeO和单质铁,反应过程中随着还原度的增加,还原速率逐级下降,从Fe₂O₃还原到Fe₃O₄的速率最高,FeO还原到Fe速率最低,在实验温度范围内,床温升高有利于提高Fe₂O₃到Fe₃O₄的还原速率和还原度。不同形态的铁氧化物对NO的催化还原特性不同,Fe₂O₃及其部分还原后生成的Fe₃O₄都不能直接与NO反应,Fe₂O₃对CO催化还原NO的效果很弱,而Fe₃O₄对CO还原NO的反应却有很强的催化作用,而进一步还原生成FeO与单质铁还可直接与NO反应。     

机加工孔套管抗挤压强度有限元分析

套管屈服强度直接影响套管抗挤压性能,套管在加工孔过程中可能诱发孔眼附近材料发生金属相变,导致套管屈服强度不再均匀分布,进而影响套管抗挤压强度。在相同工况下,对比了P110完整套管和机加工孔套管的抗挤压强度,以此为参照组分析了相变区域面积和相变区域屈服强度对机加工孔套管抗挤压强度的影响。结果表明,机加工孔会改变材料屈服强度,进而影响套管抗挤压性能。随金属相变区域屈服强度减小,机加工孔套管抗挤压强度减弱;当金属相变区域屈服强度增大时,机加工孔套管抗挤压强度增强。且机加工孔套管相变区域面积对机加工孔套管抗挤压强度的影响随相变区域屈服强度增加而逐渐削弱。     

煤磨热风管道改造的效果

中联万基水泥有限公司4500t/d熟料生产线采用SCLW4-12×13.4第四代篦冷机,煤磨热风取风口和余热发电AQC热风取风口在篦冷机同一对称位置,煤磨与余热发电系统存在争风现象,开停煤磨对余热发电系统影响较大。通过从废气管道处开孔,加装管道和电动阀,与热风管道汇合通往煤磨沉降室,调整相应阀门开度,可以控制入煤磨烟气温度,这样不但提高了余热发电量,而且提高了煤磨产量,同时也降低了窑头排风机的负荷,降低了熟料生产电耗。     

氯乙烯精馏塔的改造

介绍了氯乙烯精憾高低沸塔改造前后的结构及工艺运行情况,指出改造后不仅提高了氯乙烯单体的产量、质量及装置的自动化控制程度,而且改造简单易行,不需要对现有精谓塔建筑物结构进行改动及旧设备的拆除,只是对原有设备进行局部改造。     

基于全过程造价理论的输变电工程结算管理研究

工程结算管理是电力工程造价管理中重要的一环。传统的结算管理模式侧重于预算和决算,过程管理中电力工程项目的结算编制连贯性强、工作量大,针对结算的过程管理缺乏有效的手段。因此,研究阶段性结算管理,进而提高工程造价管理水平具有重要的意义。从全过程造价管理的基本理论出发,通过对传统结算模式的缺陷和弊端进行剖析,将输变电工程项目的结算管理与全过程管理相结合,提出了输变电工程结算的全过程管控方法和体系,为电力工程建设的结算与管理工作提供有益的参考。