Fuzzy cognitive maps enabled root cause analysis in complex projects

This paper presents a Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) enabled Root Cause Analysis (RCA) approach to assessing the TBM performance in tunnel construction. Fuzzy logic is used to capture and utilize construction experience and knowledge from domain experts, and a cause-effect model consisting of nine concepts is established for simulating the TBM performance within the FCM framework. A tunnel case in the Wuhan metro system in China is used to demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach. Results indicate that (i) C₄ (Soil Density) displays a strongest negative correlation with the concept C_T (TBM Advance Rate); while C₈ (Grouting Speed) displays a strongest positive correlation with C_T; (ii) TBM performance is very sensitive to the change of operational conditions, where the values of operational parameters can be adjusted to go up (or down) in case the TBM performance negatively (or positively) reduces; and (iii) we can identify the magnitude of the adjustment scope of operational variables when the TBM operational performance suffers a reduction. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it is verified to be capable of modeling dynamics of system behaviors over time and performing many kinds of what-if scenario analysis, including predictive, diagnostic, and hybrid RCA, which turns out to be a more competitive solution that deals with uncertainty, dynamics, and interactions in the approximate reasoning process, compared to other traditional approximate methods (i.e. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Rule-Based Reasoning (RBR), and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR)). The proposed approach can be used as a decision support tool for ensuring the satisfactory performance of TBMs, and thus, increases the efficiency of tunnel construction projects.     

极小子流形与调和映射的稳定性

在本文中,我们利用活动标架法研究了极小子流形与调和映射的稳定性。从而得到了一些关于拟常曲率流形不存在任何稳定极小浸入的充分条件,同时也得到了一个关于球面的子流形不存在从这个流形到任何黎曼流形的任何非常值稳定调和映射的充分条件。     

Blind Source Separation and Equiprobabilistic Topographic Maps

Recently, a number of heuristic techniques have been devised in order to overcome some of the limitations of the Blind Source Separation (BSS) algorithms that are rooted in the theory of Independent Component Analysis (ICA). They are usually based on topographic maps and designed to separate mixtures of signals with either sub-Gaussian or super-Gaussian source densities. In the sub-Gaussian case, the coordinates of the winning neurons in the topographic map represent the estimates of the source signal amplitudes. In the super-Gaussian case, one relies on the topographic map's ability to detect the source directions in mixture space which, in turn, correspond to the column vectors of the mixing matrix in the linear case. We will introduce a new topographic map-based heuristic for super-Gaussian BSS. It relies on the tendency of the mixture samples to cluster around the source directions. We will demonstrate its performance on linear and mildly non-linear mixtures of speech signals, including the case where there are less mixtures than sources to be separated (non-square BSS).     

Cuticular hydrocarbons of Tetramorium ants from central Europe: analysis of GC-MS data with self-organizing maps (SOM) and implications for systematics

Cuticular hydrocarbons were extracted from workers of 63 different nests of five species of Tetramorium ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Austria, Hungary, and Spain. The GC-MS data were classified (data mining) by self-organizing maps (SOM). SOM neurons derived from primary neuron separation were subjected to hierarchical SOM (HSOM) and were grouped to neuron areas on the basis of vicinity in the hexagonal output grid. While primary neuron separation and HSOM resulted in classifications on a level more sensitive than species differences, neuron areas resulted in chemical phenotypes apparently of the order of species. These chemical phenotypes have implications for systematics: while the chemical phenotypes for T. ferox and T. moravicum correspond to morphological determination, in T. caespitum and T. impurum a total of six chemical phenotypes is found. Three hypotheses are discussed to explain this disparity between morphological and chemical classifications, including in particular the possibility of hybridization and the existence of cryptic species. Overall, the GC-MS profiles classified by SOM prove to be a practical alternative to morphological determination (T. ferox, T. moravicum) and indicate the need to revisit systematics (T. caespitum, T. impurum).     

配电馈线地理图到电气接线图的转换

为了将配电馈线的地理接线图转换为电气接线图,建立了基于图论的配电网模型。根据空间位置和所含节点数目对分支进行分级,将一条馈线分解成由若干分支构成的集合。在电气接线图上,遵循将偶数级分支水平放置,将奇数级分支垂直放置,并注意确保各个分支的相对走向不变的原则,按照分支级数由小到大的顺序每次添加一条分支,若产生交叉或重叠则采取水平或垂直一维局部拉伸平移法来消除,从而根据馈线的地理接线图逐步生成了电气接线图。结合实例详细说明了所提出方法的基本原理,结果表明该方法可行。     

非稳定弱调和映射的正则性

有关方程弱调的正则性问题，尽管已有补偿理论，但在具体方程研究中，补偿条件的给出，总是很困难的．对弱调和映射在齐性空间中体现的具体Eluer方程，给出分析上的一个补偿条件．     

Linking learning goals and educational resources through interactive concept map visualizations

Concept browsing interfaces can help educators and learners to locate and use learning resources that are aligned with recognized learning goals. The Strand Map Service enables users to navigate interactive visualizations of related learning goals and to request digital library resources aligned with learning goals. These interfaces are created using a programmatic Web service interface that dynamically generates interactive visual components. Preliminary findings suggest that these library interfaces appear to help users stay focused on the scientific content of their information discovery task, as opposed to focusing on the mechanics of searching.     

Multimedia displays for conceptual discovery: information seeking with strand maps

This article explores the use of a multimedia search interface for digital libraries based on strand maps developed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. As semantic-spatial displays, strand maps provide a visual organization of relevant conceptual information that may promote the use of science content during digital library use. A study was conducted to compare users' cognitive processes during information seeking tasks when using a multimedia strand maps interface, versus the textual search interface currently implemented in the Digital Library for Earth System Education. Quantitative and qualitative data from think-aloud protocols revealed that students were more likely to engage with science content (e.g., analyzing the relevance of science concepts with regard to task needs) during search when using the strand maps interface compared to those using textual searching. In contrast, students using a textual search interface engaged more frequently with surface-level information (e.g., the type of a resource regardless of its science content) during search and retrieval. As a multimedia search interface for digital libraries, strand maps appear to be promising tools to promote conceptual discovery and learning through content-based processes that promote learner engagement with relevant science knowledge.     

On Common Fixed Point of Noncompatible Mapping Pairs

In this paper, two common fixed point theorems for noncompatible maps in a metric space have been proved under the condition of without taking completeness of the space or continuity of the mapings into account. The related common point theorems were improved.     

二值逻辑函数中的两种映象关系及其应用

从真值表映象的观点定义了补函数和对偶函数，并由此验证了一系列重要的规则、公式和推论，列举了其在几个方面的应用。