Concept maps as the first step in an ontology construction method

A method is proposed to be used as the first step in the ontology acquisition process. This method is based on the use of concept maps as a means of expression for the expert, followed by an application that assists the expert in detailing the structure of the knowledge represented in the map. This application analyses the concept map, taking into account the map topology and key words used by the expert. From this analysis a series of questions are presented to the expert that, when answered, reduce the map ambiguity and identify some common patterns in ontological representations, such as generalizations and mereologic relations. This information can be used by the knowledge engineer during further knowledge acquisition sessions or to direct the expert to a further improvement of the map. The method was tested by a group of volunteers, most of them engineers working at the aerospace sector, and the results suggest that both the use of concept mapping as well as the refining step are acceptable from the point of view of the end user, supporting the claim that this method is viable as an option to reduce some of the difficulties in large scale ontology construction.     

Measurement and analysis of thermal properties of rocks for the compilation of geothermal maps of Cyprus

Previous studies in Cyprus classified the island in the category of low enthalpy with high potentials in the usage of geothermal energy for space air-conditioning. Due to the little existing information about the underground thermal properties, an extended geological sampling has been carried out on the island. Measurements of thermal properties have been performed in the laboratory at room temperature for all the collected samples both in their dry and water-saturated state. The impact on thermal conductivity of water in samples, the mineralogical composition, and the geological age of samples have been the objectives of the current study.Laboratory results of each rock type in Cyprus are found within certain ranges for each thermo-physical property as follows. Thermal conductivity values for dry rock samples vary between 0.4 and 4.2 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, thermal diffusivity values range between 0.3 and 1.9 × 10⁻⁶ m² s⁻¹ and specific heat capacity values range from 0.5 to 1.5 J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹. Results also show that thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity under moisture conditions increase for most of the lythotypes. The notable exception is Gypsum (Kalavaso Formation), which exhibits higher thermal response under dry conditions.Measured thermal properties also present a difference between thermal properties of the lithologies of the Troodos Ophiolite and the Circum Troodos Sedimentary Succession in Cyprus. Mean values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for dry samples and water-saturated samples have higher values for the lithologies of the Troodos Ophiolite than measured values for the lithologies of the Circum Troodos Sedimentary Succession, mostly due to their mineralogical composition.Moreover, the geological age of a lithology has been shown to affect its thermal response. Thermal conductivity of reef limestone and calcarenite rocks increases with the geological age of the lithology.In order to understand and visualize all measured data the Thermal Conductivity and the Thermal Diffusivity Maps of Cyprus have been compiled with the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to be available to engineers as a powerful tool for use in the design of thermal engineering systems. From the obtained maps Troodos Ophiolite can be visualized as a separate part by having the highest values.     

Rapid visualization of the potential residential cost savings from energy storage under time-of-use electric rates

Buildings feature a prominent role in electric grid loading, as they use about 75% of the total electricity generated in the United States and are main drivers of electric peak demand in the summer due to electrically driven air conditioning systems. Energy storage is a key technology that can increase energy cost savings, and add flexibility to the grid. However, cost is an important factor to consider. This study proposes a rapid approach that allows for visualization of potential cost savings by introducing energy storage as a peak load control for residential buildings in California. A combination of EnergyPlus load data generation, Matlab post-processing, and Google Fusion Tables data presentation analyses the potential cost savings when energy storage is implemented and TOU rates are applied. The study presents potential annual cost savings of $420 per home with storage capacities of 24?kWh.     

基于改进YOLOv5s的药盒钢印日期识别方法

目的 药盒的钢印日期与背景对比度低,字符轮廓不明显,识别易受环境光线干扰,对此提出一种基于机器视觉的识别方法。方法 使用改进YOLOv5s模型,首先对采集的药盒数据集进行透视变换校正,并进行数据增强。通过在模型的骨干网络中融合位置注意力机制(CA),减少冗余信息的干扰;颈部网络根据加权双向特征金字塔网络(BiFPN)引入权重,更好地平衡不同尺寸图层的特征信息;引入动态聚焦损失函数(WIoU),降低高质量样本对训练的干预,提高模型的泛化能力。结果 在自建钢印字符数据集上的实验结果表明,改进网络对药盒钢印日期识别的平均精度值达到了99.41%,比原始模型提升了2.38%,帧率为80.01帧/s。结论 改进后的YOLOv5模型对药盒钢印日期的检测精度优于原有网络,对可以满足药盒生产线的实时性要求。     

Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction and Data Visualization： A Review

Dimensionality reduction and data visualization are useful and important processes in pattern recognition.Many techniques have been developed in the recent years.The self-organizing map (SOM) can be an efficient method for this purpose.This paper reviews recent advances in this area and related approaches such as multidimensional scaling (MDS),nonlinear PCA,principal manifolds,as well as the connections of the SOM and its recent variant,the visualization induced SOM (ViSOM),with these approaches. The SOM is shown to produce a quantized,qualitative scaling and while the ViSOM a quantitative or metric scaling and approximates principal curve/surface.The SOM can also be regarded as a generalized MDS to relate two metric spaces by forming a topological mapping between them.The relationships among various recently proposed techniques such as ViSOM,Isomap,LLE,and eigenmap are discussed and compared.     

基于精确混沌映射的噪声雷达信号产生器分析

鉴于混沌信号的类噪声特性 ,本文分析了基于精确混沌映射的噪声雷达信号产生器 ,研究了两种类型的混沌信号产生器 ,将动力学理论引入其性能分析 ,验证了其类噪声性质 ,并应用在雷达系统信号处理中。仿真结果表明 ,基于混沌的雷达噪声信号产生器具有良好的性能 ,与传统的噪声信号产生器相比 ,系统结构简单 ,易实现 ,可选择性强 ,在噪声雷达这一领域具有良好的应用前景     

Calcium Imaging Reveals Fast Tuning Dynamics of Hippocampal Place Cells and CA1 Population Activity during Free Exploration Task in Mice

Hippocampal place cells are a well-known object in neuroscience, but their place field formation in the first moments of navigating in a novel environment remains an ill-defined process. To address these dynamics, we performed in vivo imaging of neuronal activity in the CA1 field of the mouse hippocampus using genetically encoded green calcium indicators, including the novel NCaMP7 and FGCaMP7, designed specifically for in vivo calcium imaging. Mice were injected with a viral vector encoding calcium sensor, head-mounted with an NVista HD miniscope, and allowed to explore a completely novel environment (circular track surrounded by visual cues) without any reinforcement stimuli, in order to avoid potential interference from reward-related behavior. First, we calculated the average time required for each CA1 cell to acquire its place field. We found that 25% of CA1 place fields were formed at the first arrival in the corresponding place, while the average tuning latency for all place fields in a novel environment equaled 247 s. After 24 h, when the environment was familiar to the animals, place fields formed faster, independent of retention of cognitive maps during this session. No cumulation of selectivity score was observed between these two sessions. Using dimensionality reduction, we demonstrated that the population activity of rapidly tuned CA1 place cells allowed the reconstruction of the geometry of the navigated circular maze; the distribution of reconstruction error between the mice was consistent with the distribution of the average place field selectivity score in them. Our data thus show that neuronal activity recorded with genetically encoded calcium sensors revealed fast behavior-dependent plasticity in the mouse hippocampus, resulting in the rapid formation of place fields and population activity that allowed the reconstruction of the geometry of the navigated maze.     

噪音相位图中强莫尔条纹密度和方位的研究

本文采用一种自动条纹分析的预处理方法,对噪音相应图中的莫尔条纹密度和方向的估计进行了分析研究。这些信息能用来构造相位-跳转-保存-过滤方法,提高二维展开相位法的性能以及可以使用坚固片断的相位数据。这种方法的特点是：对噪音反应非常灵敏,测试和参数的估算都要在在傅里叶范围内进行并可以做成模型用于估算研究。     

Development of High Strength and Toughness Non-Heated Al–Mg–Si Alloys for High-Pressure Die-Casting

Based on the 3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal experiment method, compositional effects of Mg, Si, and Ti addition on the microstructures, tensile properties, and fracture behaviors of the high-pressure die-casting Al-x Mg-y Si-z Ti alloys have been investigated. The analysis of variance shows that both Mg and Si apparently infl uence the tensile properties of the alloys, while Ti does not. The tensile mechanical properties are comprehensively infl uenced by the amount of eutectic phase(α-Al + Mg_2Si), the average grain size, and the content of Mg dissolved into α-Al matrix. The optimized alloy is Al-7.49 Mg-3.08 Si-0.01 Ti(wt%), which exhibits tensile yield strength of 219 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 401 MPa, and elongation of 10.5%. Furthermore, contour maps, showing the relationship among compositions, microstructure characteristics, and the tensile properties are constructed, which provide guidelines for developing high strength and toughness Al–Mg–Si–Ti alloys for high-pressure die-casting.