Distributed breadth-first search LTL model checking

We propose a parallel distributed memory on-the-fly algorithm for enumerative LTL model checking. The algorithm is designed for networks of workstations communicating via MPI. The detection of cycles (faulty runs) effectively employs the so-called back-level edges. In particular, a parallel level synchronized breadth-first search of the graph is performed to discover all back-level edges, and for each level the back-level edges are checked in parallel by a nested search procedure to confirm or refute the presence of a cycle. Several improvements of the basic algorithm are presented and advantages and drawbacks of their application to distributed LTL model checking are discussed.Research partially supported by grant No. 1ET-408050503 and the Grant Agency of Czech Republic grant No. 201/03/0509.

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Verification Approach of Metropolis Design Framework for Embedded Systems

In this paper, we focus on the verification approach of Metropolis, an integrated design framework for heterogeneous embedded systems. The verification approach is based on the formal properties specified in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) or Logic of Constraints (LOC). Designs may be refined due to synthesis or be abstracted for verification. An automatic abstraction propagation algorithm is used to simplify the design for specific properties. A user-defined starting point may also be used with automatic propagation. Two main verification techniques are implemented in Metropolis the formal verification utilizing the model checker Spin and the simulation trace checking with automatic generated checkers. Translation algorithms from specification models to verification models, as well as algorithms of generated checkers are discussed. We use several case studies to demonstrate our approach for verification of system level designs at multiple levels of abstraction.     

Decidability of infinite-state timed CCP processes and first-order LTL

The ntcc process calculus is a timed concurrent constraint programming (ccp) model equipped with a first-order linear-temporal logic (LTL) for expressing process specifications. A typical behavioral observation in ccp is the strongest postcondition (sp). The ntcc sp denotes the set of all infinite output sequences that a given process can exhibit. The verification problem is then whether the sequences in the sp of a given process satisfy a given ntcc LTL formula.

This paper presents new positive decidability results for timed ccp as well as for LTL. In particular, we shall prove that the following problems are decidable: (1) the sp equivalence for the so-called locally-independent ntcc fragment; unlike other fragments for which similar results have been published, this fragment can specify infinite-state systems, (2) verification for locally-independent processes and negation-free first-order formulae of the ntcc LTL, (3) implication for such formulae, (4) Satisfiability for a first-order fragment of Manna and Pnueli's LTL. The purpose of the last result is to illustrate the applicability of ccp to well-established formalisms for concurrency.     

从ALC到SHOQ（D）：描述逻辑及其Tableau算法

描述逻辑是一类知识表示的形式系统，并成为语义Web的逻辑基础。Tableau是描述逻辑的基本证明论，基于Tableau的算法提供7描述逻辑的推理机。本文系统地阐述了对应于语义Web语言从基本的ALC到SHOQ(D)描述逻辑基础及其相应的Tableau算法。     

一种基于离散时间自动机的LTL性质检测工具

模型检测是一种自动完成性质验证的算法过程,在模型检测过程中会遇到状态空间爆炸的问题,即随系统规模的增长状态空间的大小呈指数增长,如何缓解此问题一直是研究者研究的重点.目前利用模型检测方法对线性时序逻辑(LTL)性质进行检测的工具还比较少,且效率都较低.介绍了一种基于离散时间自动机的LTL性质检测工具,采用了在状态空间中存储延迟序列(DS)的技术,对状态进行压缩存储,减小了时间空间的消耗,加快了检测速度.实验表明,该工具的检测效果是不错的,要好于同类工具,如DTSpin.     

提高一阶多值逻辑Tableau推理效率的布尔剪枝方法

含有量词的一阶多值Tableau方法具有统一的扩展规则，并由Zabel等人给出了可靠性和完备性的证明，但由于扩展后的分枝随着真值数目的增加而呈指数的增加，因而影响了机器推理执行的效率，该文提出了布尔剪枝方法，将带符号的公式与集合的上集／下集联系起来，使含量词的一阶多值逻辑公式的扩展规则大大简化，进一步，通过对布尔剪枝方法的分析，建立了一类特殊一阶多值逻辑正则公式的更为简洁的Tableau推理方法，该方法使得含量词的一阶多值逻辑Tableau推理类同于经典逻辑Tableau方法。     

基于Petri网的工作流模型简化

计算状态空间可达图是验证工作流正确性的主要方法,状态空间爆炸是这类方法的主要困难.文章对线性时态逻辑LTL-x描述的正确性提出了一种基于Petri网图形化简的验证方法,证明了所提出化简规则的完备性,并以实例说明了所提方法的有效性.     

基于K-模拟的抽象

尽管近年来模型检测取得了很大的进步,但是对于大系统的验证能力依然有限。在众多的状态减少和压缩技术中,抽象技术是最有效的方法之一。本文给出了基于K-模拟的抽象的高效算法,并证明了在线性时序逻辑框架下抽象的可靠性和完备性。     

Selective Quantitative Analysis and Interval Model Checking: Verifying Different Facets of a System

In this work we propose a verification methodology consisting of selective quantitative timing analysis and interval model checking. Our methods can aid not only in determining if a system works correctly, but also in understanding how well the system works. The selective quantitative algorithms compute minimum and maximum delays over a selected subset of system executions. A linear-time temporal logic (LTL) formula is used to select either infinite paths or finite intervals over which the computation is performed. We show how tableau for LTL formulas can be used for selecting either paths or intervals and also for model checking formulas interpreted over paths or intervals.To demonstrate the usefulness of our methods we have verified a complex and realistic distributed real-time system. Our tool has been able to analyze the system and to compute the response time of the various components. Moreover, we have been able to identify inefficiencies that caused the response time to increase significantly (about 50%). After changing the design we not only verified that the response time was lower, but were also able to determine the causes for the poor performance of the original model using interval model checking.     

模块化本体的Tableau算法及其性能优化

针对现有模块化本体推理方法通用性低、控制复杂等不足,提出一种基于服务的分布式Tableau算法。模块在进行一致性推理时,对关于外部概念的断言,将调用相应模块的服务进行推理,同一推理中的矛盾在定义相应概念的模块中得到捕获,采用优化技术改进算法的时间性能。实验结果表明,该算法使得模块在表述知识时能灵活引用外部概念,支持复杂的推理任务,具有较好的可伸缩性。