A comprehensive approach to evaluating watershed models for predicting river flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services

Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices.     

大直径筒仓中无粘结预应力混凝土结构的应用

大直径混凝土筒仓采用普通钢筋混凝土结构设计时，常常需要较大幅度地增加钢筋用量，有时甚至加大钢筋用量仍无法满足规范对裂缝宽度的要求。故采用无粘结预应力混凝土结构筒仓，可有效地控制裂缝的出现，并减小钢筋用量，取得了良好的效果。以工程实例对无粘结预应力混凝土结构筒仓的设计、施工作了介绍。     

大型企业私有云应用资源自动调度技术研究及应用

本文研究分析了大型企业私有云应用资源管理特点,参考国际领先的自动化流程编排软件的架构和功能,设计并开发云计算管理平台的应用资源自动调度技术。通过应用系统模板定制、应用运行指标监控和关联分析、IP地址和负载均衡资源自动配置等关键技术,降低了大型企业建设生产级私有云的成本。     

HHT算法在压电陶瓷驱动器的微纳米位移传感器中的应用

针对信号虽然经过了模拟滤波,采集到的信号经过数据采集系统后不可避免的含有随机噪声,噪声限制了传感器的分辨率和系统的动态范围。提出利用HHT算法的经验模态分解对用于压电陶瓷的微纳米传感器采集到的数字信号进行数字滤波,将采集到的微弱信号进行进一步处理,以提高微纳米传感器在稳态输出时信号的信噪比从而提高传感器的性能。采用两种方法进行处理。其中一种方法是滤掉经过模态分解后信号中的最高频噪声,另一种方法是滤掉经过模态分解后信号中的前两阶噪声。最后对比实验结果证实了此算法的有效性,它能够改善传感器的线性度。     

A numerical study of particle wall-deposition in a turbulent square duct flow

The deposition of dense solid particles in a downward, fully developed turbulent square duct flow at Re_τ = 360, based on the mean friction velocity and the duct width, is studied using large eddy simulations of the fluid flow. The fluid and the particulate phases are treated using Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches, respectively. A finite-volume based, second-order accurate fractional step scheme is used to integrate the incompressible form of the unsteady, three-dimensional, filtered Navier-Stokes equations on an 80 × 80 × 128 grid. A dynamic subgrid kinetic energy model is used to account for the unresolved scales. The Lagrangian particle equation of motion includes the drag, lift, and gravity forces and is integrated using the fourth-order accurate Runge-Kutta scheme. Two values of particle to fluid density ratio (ρ_p/ρ_f = 1000 and 8900) and five values of dimensionless particle diameter (d_p/δ × 10⁶ = 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000, δ is the duct width) are studied. Two particle number densities, consisting of 10⁵ and 1.5 × 10⁶ particles initially in the domain, are examined.Variations in the probability distribution function (PDF) of the particle deposition location with dimensionless particle response time, i.e. Stokes number, are presented. The deposition is seen to occur with greater probability near the center of the duct walls, than at the corners. The average streamwise and wall-normal deposition velocities of the particles increase with Stokes number, with their maxima occurring near the center of the duct wall. The computed deposition rates are compared to previously reported results for a circular pipe flow. It is observed that the deposition rates in a square duct are greater than those in a pipe flow, especially for the low Stokes number particles. Also, wall-deposition of the low Stokes number particles increases significantly by including the subgrid velocity fluctuations in computing the fluid forces on the particles. Two-way coupling and, to a greater extent, four-way coupling are seen to increase the deposition rates.     

纳米材料在提高采收率中的研究进展?

近年来，纳米材料因其有吸引力的物化特性已在生物医药、电子储能、保护涂层等领域发挥重要作用。随着石油资源的需求不断增加和开采难度提高，石油勘探和提高石油采收率技术需要不断创新，以满足未来对碳氢燃料的需求。将功能化的纳米材料与提高采收率技术结合，可以改善驱替剂的流变性能，改变储层岩石的润湿性、降低油水界面张力、提高原油的流动性等，进一步提高原油采收率，为油田的有效、可持续开发提供新的技术手段。本文首先综述了当前在提高采收率领域中的应用较多的几类纳米材料；之后，对纳米材料在提高采收率中的作用机理做了总结；最后，讨论了纳米材料在提高采收率技术中存在的问题，并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Self-assembly of C60 containing poly(methyl methacrylate) in ethyl acetate/decalin mixtures solvent

[60]Fullerene (C₆₀) was mono-substituted with well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-C₆₀) using the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. The self-assembly behaviors of PMMA-b-C₆₀ in ethyl acetate (EA) and decalin mixtures were studied using laser light scattering (LLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Homogeneous solutions of PMMA-b-C₆₀ can be obtained in the solvent mixtures containing more than 40 wt% EA, where the molar ratio of decalin to EA is close to 1. For each solvent mixture, unimers coexist with micelles and large aggregates. The sizes of PMMA-b-C₆₀ micelles and aggregates are independent of polymer concentration, confirming that they are produced via the closed association mechanism. For the various solvent mixtures, the weight-averaged molecular weights, M_w of the PMMA-b-C₆₀ aggregates range from 4.1×10⁷ to 12.5×10⁷ g/mol. The hydrodynamic radii of the large aggregate, R_h, vary from 90 to 136 nm, while the z-averaged radii of gyration, R_g, range from 210 to 311 nm. The R_g/R_h value for each solvent mixture is ∼2.3, which is independent of decalin contents in the mixed solvents. The morphological study using the transmission electron microscope suggests that the large aggregates are composed of porous large compound micelles (LCM) in solution.     

高陡边坡的监测与稳定性分析

从现场监测仪器获取的位移、应力方面的原始数据入手,绘制出位移、应力随时间变化的曲线图,并运用回归拟合分析方法,在综合分析开挖过程中各种影响因素以及锚固工具对边坡锚固效果的基础上,掌握了边坡的变形趋势及稳定状况。可为预测、预报及整治工程地质灾害等提供可靠的资料和科学的依据,为工程的安全进行提供理论保障。     

基于自记忆原理的深基坑位移预测方法

传统灰色GM(1,1)预测模型对非负递增时间序列有较好的预测精度,但对波动幅度较大的时间序列预测精度较低。为了提高预测精度,本文在趋势曲线模型和自记忆理论的基础上,建立趋势曲线-自记忆组合预测模型,将该模型应用于深基坑位移预测中,并与灰色GM(1,1)预测模型和趋势曲线预测模型比较,该模型具有较高的预测精度。     

基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的波长自动测量装置的设计及演示

用迈克尔逊干涉仪、光敏电阻、角位移传感器、电动机、单片机和计算机组装了一套光波长自动测量装置.该装置不仅能够自动、精确地测量激光波长,还可以演示测量结果随测量环数的增加而趋于正态分布的规律.