CVD金刚石薄膜技术发展现状及展望(下)

简要描述了CVD金刚石薄膜技术的发展历程。介绍了纳米特别是超纳米金刚石膜、CVD金刚石大单晶的技术特点及其应用。超纳米金刚石膜在MEMS(微机电系统)、电化学和生物医学上的应用和CVD金刚石大单晶是当前的研究热点。简言之,金刚石的发展向着更大或者更小的方向深入进行,即"非大即小"。     

砂岩油藏水平井控液增油实践

塔河油田1区三叠系油藏是典型的底水油藏,进入2008年以来,随着综合含水的上升,油藏日产油水平、采油速度等指标开始明显下降,开发效果有所变差,稳产面临严峻挑战。通过加强油藏精细研究,深化油藏动态分析,实施控液治水的开发技术政策,有效的解决了制约油田稳产关健问题。研究结果对于大底水砂岩油藏开发具有重要意义。     

Preparation of high surface area nickel electrodeposit using a liquid crystal template technique

We show in this work that template electrodeposition of nickel at room temperature from a nickel sulphamate bath prepared in a new hexagonal liquid crystalline phase of water-Triton X-100-poly (acrylic acid) results in a highly porous surface. The roughness factor value of about 3620 obtained for this coating is the highest value reported in the literature for any electrodeposited nickel. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) pictures show the formation of porous deposit with granular features in between the pores. The single electrode double layer capacitance value measured for the deposit is 338 mF cm⁻², which translates into a specific capacitance of 50 F g⁻¹ without any post-thermal treatment of the electrode, suggesting its utility in super capacitors. Electrochemical studies using cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and comparison of these results with some existing high surface area Ni catalysts show that the material has potential application as an excellent hydrogen evolving cathode.     

Phenol Removal by Supported Liquid Membranes

Abstract

This paper examines the application of the supported liquid membrane (SLM) to phenol removal. n-Decanol was proven to be a suitable membrane liquid. The phenol transfer kinetics through the SLMs is quantitatively estimated according to models based on the resistance-in-series concept. The models can be modified to describe the performance of decayed SLMs and thereby provide insight into the effect of membrane liquid loss and penetration of aqueous solutions on the phenol flux. An experimental method is described for the measurement of mass transfer coefficients in the bulk phases using the well-characterized Anopore membrane.     

Air Separation Properties and Stabilities of Blend Membranes of Liquid Crystals with Ethyl Cellulose

Abstract

Air separation properties and stabilities of four blend membranes, 1–30-μ.m thick, prepared from ethyl cellulose (EC) with a small amount of nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals, such as p-heptyl-p'-cyanobiphenyl (7CB), p-pentylphenol-p'-methoxybenzoate (5PMB), benzoate-containing liquid crystal mixture (DYC), and cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC), were investigated by the variable volume method. To provide more significant information guiding membrane-based air separation, air was directly used as the test gas. The membranes showed both higher oxygen permeability, P _O2 , and oxygen over nitrogen separation factor, P _O2 /P _N2 , in the temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase. Oxygen-enriched air (OEA) flux, Q _OEA, and oxygen concentration. Y _O2 increased simultaneously with increasing transmembrane pressure difference. Stability studies revealed that the efficiencies of concentrating oxygen using 1–7-μm thick DYC/EC (9/91) membranes laminated to porous polyethersulfone membranes were almost constant for a 120–510-hour operating time. The membrane possessed a Q _OEA of 9.0 × 10^?4 cm³(STP)/s.cm² and Y_O2 of 40% at 30°C and 0.41 MPa for a single-stage process. The results suggest that the membranes could be used effectively in enriching oxygen from air.     

Separation of Ethyl Esters of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid by Circulating Liquid Membranes Using Silver Nitrate as a Carrier. Uphill Transport by Use of Temperature and Solvent Dependencies of Distribution Ratio

Abstract

Experiments on the separation of ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA-Et) and that of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-Et) contained in ethyl ester of bonito oil (bonito oil-Et) were performed using circulating liquid membranes (CIRLMs) containing sliver nitrate as a carrier. In this liquid membrane system an aqueous silver nitrate solution was circulated between a stirred vessel containing an organic solution of bonito oil-Et and another stirred vessel containing a receiving organic solvent. Using the CIRLM, two types of uphill facilitated transport of EPA-Et and DHA-Et in bonito oil-Et were demonstrated. The first type utilizes the distribution ratio of EPA-Et and DHA-Et, defined as the ratio of the concentration in the aqueous phase to that in the organic phase at equilibrium, which is remarkably dependent on the temperature, and the second uphill transport was based on the fact that the distribution ratio is considerably dependent on the solvent of the organic phase. A model of permeation through the circulating liquid membrane was proposed to explain the experimental results.     

Effect of transesterification on the morphology and mechanical properties of a blend containing a liquid crystalline polymer

Transesterification of polymer blends containing polyesters is often utilized to improve the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of a phase‐separated blend. However, in some circumstances, the transesterification can also modify the morphology (crystallinity or liquid crystallinity) of the blend components due to the disruption of the structure of a regular polymer. This, in turn, can deteriorate the mechanical properties of the blend. We present, in this article, results that correlate the extent of transesterification between a liquid crystalline polyester and polycarbonate to the change in the mechanical properties of the blend and the liquid crystallinity of the liquid crystalline polymer (LCP). The results exemplify the need to understand the role of transesterification on the morphology and mechanical properties of the blend so that the optimum processing conditions may be found. The experimental protocol can also be used as a guide to determine these optimal processing conditions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2583–2592, 2001     

环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚与硝酸酯的相溶性

研究了离子增溶剂（ＩＳＲ）对Ｐ（Ｅ－ＣＯ－Ｔ）／ＮＧ体系相溶性的影响，通过ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ测定了互溶相中ＮＧ含量。同时考察了在ＩＳＲ存在下，Ｐ（Ｅ－ＣＯ－Ｔ）与硝酸酯体系在室温及低温下互溶限度。通过ＦＴＩＲ分析表明，在ＩＳＲ存在下，Ｐ（Ｅ－ＣＯ－Ｔ）与硝酸酯体系由于氢键作用使其相溶性明显增加。     

结晶梯恩梯生产工艺的研究

讨论了结晶梯恩梯的制造工艺、六硝基芪用量、络合物的形成与稳定性，以及六硝基芪质量等影响结晶梯恩梯质量的因素。     

含水气氛下γ-Al_2O_3的物性变化

本文利用 X-光衍射、吸附仪等手段研究了 γ- Al2 O3、Co- Mo- K/γ- Al2 O3系耐硫变换催化剂和镁铝尖晶石样品在含水蒸汽气氛下 ,特别是水煤气变换气氛下 γ- Al2 O3的物性变化。给出了随温度和水 /气比变化的 γ- Al2 O3晶相转化规律