Estimation of true dihedral angles and relative grain boundary energies in polycrystals using the disector

Relative grain boundary energies can be simply related to true dihedral angles, which are the angles between grain boundary planes meeting at triple edges in polycrystals. Some limited efforts in the measurement of true dihedral angles have used the technique of serial sectioning, which is usually cumbersome and time consuming. In this study the three‐dimensional probe called the ‘disector’ has been employed to evaluate true dihedral angles. This probe, combined with automated image processing, introduces precision as well as efficiency, overcomes the disadvantages of the two‐dimensional probe and is far less tedious and less complicated than serial sectioning. It is shown that the technique is relatively simple and therefore can be applied to obtain a significantly large and accurate statistical sample of true dihedral angles. The application of this method is demonstrated by evaluating the triple junction geometry and the associated relative grain boundary energies in polycrystalline 316L austenitic stainless steel.     

Formation of low-resistivity poly-Si and SiNx films by Cat-CVD for ULSI application

In this paper, bulk-Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are fabricated using the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) method as an alternative technology to the conventional high-temperature thermal chemical vapor deposition. Particularly, formation of low-resistivity phosphorus (P)-doped poly-Si films is attempted by using Cat-CVD-deposited amorphous silicon (a-Si) films and successive rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of them. Even after RTA processes, neither peeling nor bubbling are observed, since hydrogen contents in Cat-CVD a-Si films can be as low as 1.1%. Both the crystallization and low resistivity of 0.004 Ω·cm are realized by RTA at 1000 °C for only 5 s. It is also revealed that Cat-CVD SiN_x films prepared at 250 °C show excellent oxidation resistance, when the thickness of films is larger than approximately 10 nm for wet O₂ oxidation at 1100 °C. It is found that the thickness required to stop oxygen penetration is equivalent to that for thermal CVD SiN_x prepared at 750 °C. Finally, complementary MOSFETs (CMOSs) of single-crystalline Si were fabricated by using Cat-CVD poly-Si for gate electrodes and SiN_x films for masks of local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS). At 3.3 V operation, less than 1.0 pA μm⁻¹ of OFF leakage current and ON/OFF ratio of 10⁷–10⁸ are realized, i.e. the devices can operate similarly to conventional thermal CVD process.     

Stability analysis of an adaptive packet access scheme for mobile communication systems with high propagation delays

In this paper, we investigate a packet access scheme that is able to support mixed traffics in the presence of high propagation delays. Referring to a Time‐Code Division Multiple Access air interface, we propose a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol based on a random access scheme. A successful attempt grants the use of a slot‐code resource. This protocol is named Adaptive Time Code‐Packet Reservation Multiple Access (ATC‐PRMA), since the access parameters are changed, depending on the traffic load conditions, so as to fulfil Quality of Service requirements. Numerical examples are carried out for the Low Earth Orbit (LEO)‐Mobile Satellite System (MSS) scenario, but all these considerations could be applied to High‐Altitude Platform Stations (HAPSs) as well. In both cases, high propagation delays prevent an immediate feedback to users. An analytical approach is proposed to study the stability of our MAC scheme. Accordingly, we define a criterion for optimizing system performance. The predicted ATC‐PRMA behaviour is supported by simulation results. Finally, we show the performance improvement of ATC‐PRMA with respect to a MAC protocol not employing adaptive parameters. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low surface energy films based on partially fluorinated isocyanates: the effects of curing temperature

Self-stratification strategy can be used to prepare films in which both bulk and surface properties can be optimized. By using this approach, only a very small quantity of fluorinated species is needed to generate a surface with low surface energy. When cross-linking is involved during film formation, we are dealing with a competition behavior between the diffusion of fluorinated species and the formation of cross-linked network. In this study low surface energy polymeric films were prepared on the basis of partially fluorinated polyisocyanates, in combination with hydroxyl-end-capped three-armed solventless liquid oligoesters and modified hyperbranched polyesters. At a fluorine concentration of only 0.5 wt.%, contact angles of water and hexadecane can reach 120° and 80°, respectively. A surface energy as low as 10–15 mN/m can be obtained upon the addition of less than 1 wt.% of fluorine in the films. It was shown, from real time ATR-FTIR and contact angle measurements, that the curing temperatures demonstrated significant effects on the cross-linking rate as well as on the wettability of the films.     

Dough mixing and breadmaking properties of quinoa-wheat flour blends

Flour blends of quinoa-wheat containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of manually dehulled quinoa meal or flour were evaluated for dough mixing and breadmaking properties and liking of the bread by a small panel. Increasing amounts of quinoa meal or flour increased farinograph absorption and dislike of bread for most of the panel. Dough development time increased with increase in meal but decreased with increase in quinoa flour. At 10% inclusion levels differences in liking from control 100% wheat flour bread were smaller for flour or water extracted meal to most of the panel, than with 10% non-extracted meal. This suggests that 10% inclusion of flour or water extracted meal may have potential for further investigation.     

BANDC——一种适合于从遥感图象识别地理环境的分类器

本文所提出的新算法 BANDC 是 BAyes Normal Dynamic Clustering 的缩写。这个算法的目的是从遥感图象识别地理环境。它的优点是:能由机器自动按照图象估算出分类器的参数;作为一种特殊的 Bayes 分类器,它能够依靠计算机估算出{wi}的先验概率,于是能剔除野点,提高分类器的鲁棒性。这个算法的关键是应用拟合法从灰度等级直方图估算出参数。     

电荷耦合图像传感器在细线直径测控系统中的应用

文中给出了一个以氟化氪固体激光器做光源，以电荷耦合图像传感器为光屏，应用夫朗禾费衍射原理，实现对细丝直径在线检测自动控制。该方案对相关企业质量控制的自动化是有意义的。     

Adsorption and decomposition of H2S on Pd(1 1 1) surface: a first-principles study

Gradient-corrected density functional theory was used to investigate the adsorption of H₂S on Pd(1 1 1) surface. Molecular adsorption was found to be stable with H₂S binding preferentially at top sites. In addition, the adsorption of other S moieties (SH and S) was investigated. SH and S were found to be preferentially bind at the bridge and fcc sites, respectively. The reaction pathways and energy profiles for H₂S decomposition giving rise to adsorbed S and H were determined. Both H₂S_(ad) → SH_(ad) + H_(ad) and SH_(ad) → S_(ad) + H_(ad) reactions were found to have low barriers and high exothermicities. This reveals that the decomposition of H₂S on Pd(1 1 1) surface is a facile process.     

利用低轨卫星星座的移动通信系统

本文介绍两种利用低轨地理卫星星座进行移动通信的系统。一种是英法联合研究提出的利用24颗低轨卫星组成的移动通信；另一种是美国研究提出的利用192颗低轨卫星组成的移动通信系统。最后将低轨卫星移动通信系统与同步卫星移动通信系统及高轨卫星移动通信系统进行了比较。     

不用专门相移装置的三维面形测量

提出一种不需要专用相移装置实现相移，主要利用数字图像处理技术实现三维面形测量的方法，研究结果表明，用原干涉图像及1幅以上的移值条纹图主可能实现物体三维面形的测量。