NSD-A型地下水流向仪的研制和应用

在水利工程、农田水利和各种水文地质勘探中,地下水的流向测定十分重要。1963年Arsenal研究所的J.Mairhofer最早提出了利用放射性同位素方法在单独钻孔内确定地下水流向(俗称“单孔定向”)的方法,并进行了一些室内外试验。随即许多国家开展了这方面的研究。有的还研制成同位素地下水流向仪,获得了实际应用。 自1973年以来,我院利用研制的NSD-A型地下水流向仪,作了测定地下水流速流向的室内试验,并在几个大中型重点险库现场试用,配合其他同位素示踪法观测资料,为水库大坝渗流安全分析与除险保坝加固工程提供了科学依据。     

二轴中子粉末衍射谱仪探测系统改进

通过将探测器的数目由1个增加到4个、用水平发散角为20′的Soller准直器取代30′的单缝准直器，对中国原子能科学研究院重水研究堆旁的二轴中子粉末衍射谱仪进行了改进。铁粉的衍射实验结果表明：改进后的谱仪在同等中子计数强度条件下，计数速率提高了2．3倍，因而缩短了测量时间，同时也提高了谱仪的分辨率。     

共面栅碲锌镉探测器读出电路设计及性能研究

为有效读出共面栅碲锌镉(CPG-CZT)探测器的核脉冲信号,本文结合CPG-CZT探测器工作原理及国内外研究,设计了可用于CPG-CZT探测器的读出电路,主要包括高压偏置电路、前置放大电路、增益调节及减法电路。为研究读出电路性能,本文测试了各单元电路的性能及探测系统能量分辨率随偏置电压、增益调节电路中两路信号的相对增益G的变化规律。结果表明：高压偏置电路两路输出偏压与输入偏置电压的相关系数R²均为0.998;前置放大电路输出噪声为5 mV;增益调节及减法电路输出信号噪声为10 mV;输入偏置电压、相对增益G的变化均会影响探测系统能量分辨率,当偏置电压为-1650 V、相对增益G为0.7时对¹³⁷Cs源产生的γ射线能量分辨率最佳,可达3.65%,且无明显拖尾现象。     

A practical image reconstruction and processing method for symmetrically off-center detector CBCT system

CBCT scanners have been widely used in angiography, radiotherapy guidance, mammography and oral maxillofacial imaging. To cut detector size, reduce manufacturing costs and radiation dose while keeping a reasonable FOV, the flat panel detector can be placed off-center horizontally. This scanning configuration extends the FOV effectively. However, each projection is transversely truncated, bringing errors and artifacts in reconstruction. In this paper, a simple but practical method is proposed for this scanning geometry based on truncation compensation and the modified FDK algorithm. Numerical simulations with jaw phantom were conducted to evaluate the accuracy and practicability of the proposed method. A novel CBCT system for maxillofacial imaging is used for clinical test, which is equipped with an off-center small size flat panel detector. Results show that reconstruction accuracy is acceptable for clinical use, and the image quality appears sufficient for specific diagnostic requirements. It provides a novel solution for clinical CBCT system, in order to reduce radiation dose and manufacturing cost.     

基于EGSnrc仿真的二维空气电离室剂量探测器收集电极影响研究

收集电极是二维空气电离室剂量探测器的重要组成部分,影响剂量测量的准确度。为了研究收集电极对剂量测量的影响规律,采用蒙特卡罗程序EGSnrc,分别在不同射线能量下对不同材质（C、Al、Cu）、不同收集电极厚度（5~70 μm）进行模拟仿真,给出了影响规律的定量分析。结果表明,在工艺允许的情况下,应优先选择C作为收集电极材料;当只能采用Cu作为收集电极材料时,应采用工艺可达的最小厚度,并在使用中进行标定。     

单粒子灵敏度标定阈下修正技术及其应用

单粒子标定技术是电流型探测器灵敏度标定的重要手段,本文通过对电流型探测器能量响应特性及探测器信号脉冲形成过程的研究,提出了阈下修正方案,解决了单粒子标定技术在低能领域的应用。通过该方法测得的钴源灵敏度与电流标定法测量结果在1.1%内一致,钴铯灵敏度比值与理论结果在7.0%内一致。     

Design studies on the 4π the ETF experiment y-ray calorimeter for at HIRFL-CSR

A high detection efficiency calorimeter which is used to detect γ-rays with energies from 1 MeV up to 10 MeV as well as light charged particles has been proposed. Design of the geometry, results of the crystal tests and Monte Carlo simulations are present     

压水堆核电厂堆外源量程探测器计数率分析

压水堆核电厂启动过程中,次级中子源为堆外源量程探测器提供本底计数率,避免测量盲区,确保反应堆安全启动。但次级中子源的引入会为核电厂带来较大的经济和环境负担,同时也需承受次级中子源破损等带来的风险。为此,可使用受辐照燃料组件的自发裂变中子源进行替代,即无源启动方式。通过研究堆外源量程探测器计数率的理论计算方法,并基于运行电厂测量数据进行分析验证,为源量程探测器计数率的理论预估提供了较为完善的理论方法流程。本文结果可为无源启动源量程探测器计数率分析提供支持,同时也可用于次级中子源装载量或布置位置的优化分析等。     

Characteristics of Ions Emitted from Laser-Induced Silver Plasma

In this work, study of laser-induced ions is presented. The plasma was produced by focusing a Nd：YAG laser, with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulsed width of 9-14 ns, a power of 1.1 MW and energy of 10 mJ, on silver target in vacuum （10-3 Torr= 1.3332 Pa）. The characteristics of ion streams were investigated by CR-39 detectors located at angles of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° with respect to normal of the target. The distance between the silver target and each detector was 11 cm. The energy of silver ions was found ranging from 1.5 eV to 1.06E4 eV. There was a high concentration of ions with low energy as compared to those with high energy, showing the energy distribution amongst the ions. The flux of ions was maximum in the axial direction which was decreasing with the angle increase with respect to normal of the target, and finally became minimum in the radial direction. Hence the silver ions have shown anisotropic behaviour.     

MC-CDMA系统中基于QR分解的多址干扰消除算法

多址干扰是导致MC-CDMA系统误码性能下降的重要因素。为了消除多址干扰,提出基于接收信号功率排序和QR分解的多址干扰消除算法（Power-based MMSE Sorted QR Decomposition,P-based MMSE-SQRD）对MC-CDMA系统的上行链路进行检测。仿真结果显示,与传统的串行干扰消除算法相比,P-based MMSE-SQRD的误码性能有明显的提高,而且其复杂度也相对较低。