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171.
172.
In this paper, we present a system using computational linguistic techniques to extract metadata for image access. We discuss the implementation, functionality and evaluation of an image catalogers’ toolkit, developed in the Computational Linguistics for Metadata Building (CLiMB) research project. We have tested components of the system, including phrase finding for the art and architecture domain, functional semantic labeling using machine learning, and disambiguation of terms in domain-specific text vis a vis a rich thesaurus of subject terms, geographic and artist names. We present specific results on disambiguation techniques and on the nature of the ambiguity problem given the thesaurus, resources, and domain-specific text resource, with a comparison of domain-general resources and text. Our primary user group for evaluation has been the cataloger expert with specific expertise in the fields of painting, sculpture, and vernacular and landscape architecture.
Carolyn SheffieldEmail:

Judith L. Klavans   is a Senior Research Scientist at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS), and Principal Investigator on the Mellon-funded Computational Linguistics for Metadata Building (CLiMB) and IMLS-supported T3 research projects. Her research includes text-mining from corpora and dictionaries, disambiguation, and multilingual multidocument summarization. Previously, she directed the Center for Research on Information Access at Columbia University. Carolyn Sheffield   holds an M.L.S. from the University of Maryland and her research interests include access issues surrounding visual and time-based materials. She designs, conducts and analyzes the CLiMB user studies and works closely with image catalogers to ensure that the CLiMB system reflects their needs and workflow. Eileen Abels   is Masters’ Program Director and Professor in the College of Information Science and Technology at Drexel University. Prior to joining Drexel in January 2007, Dr. Abels spent more than 15 years at the College of Information Studies at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on user needs and information behaviors. She works with a broad range of information users including translators, business school students and faculty, engineers, scientists, and members of the general public. Dr. Abels holds a PhD from the University of California, Los Angeles. Jimmy Lin’s   research interests lie at the intersection of natural language processing and information retrieval. His work integrates knowledge- and data-driven approaches to address users’ information needs. Rebecca J. Passonneau   is a Research Scientist at the Center for Computational Learning Systems, Columbia University. Her areas of interest include linking empirical research methods on corpora with computational models of language processing, the intersection of language and context in semantics and pragmatics, corpus design and analysis, and evaluation methods for NLP. Her current projects involve working with machine learning for the Consolidated Edison utility company, and designing an experimental dialog system to take patron book orders by phone for the Andrew Heiskell Braille and Talking Book library. Tandeep Sidhu   is the Software Developer and Research Assistant for the CLiMB project. He is incharge of designing the CLiMB Toolkit as well as the NLP modules behind the Toolkit. He is currently pursuing his MS degree in Computer Science. Dagobert Soergel   has been teaching information organization at the University of Maryland since 1970 and is an internationally known expert in Knowledge Organization Systems and in Digital Libraries. In the CLiMB project he served as general consultant and was specially involved in the design of study on the relationship between an image and cataloging terms assigned to it.   相似文献   
173.
提出基于元数据存储访问的共享管理信息模型实现机制,以解决异构系统互操作问题,保证数据一致性。该实现机制基于已有异构系统和已有数据,使用分层的逻辑划分,将实现过程划分为数据应用层、数据访问适配层、数据访问代理层、元数据存储层及数据存储层5个层次,并介绍了各个层次的功能和相关算法。  相似文献   
174.
构件集成到应用环境中实施集成测试时,会与其它构件产生相应的依赖关系.本文在对这些依赖关系进行概述的基础上,给出了构件直接依赖图、构件间接依赖图和构件依赖图的定义,并依据这些定义,提出了构件依赖矩阵(CmDM)的概念,用以描述构件Cm与构件系统中其它构件之间的依赖关系,接着进一步定义了复杂依赖关系矩阵(CmDDM),用以对依赖关系矩阵(CmDM)进行更为详细的描述.对依赖矩阵方法在回归测试、构件变更处理和软件重用的应用方法进行了形式化的描述,进一步将基于依赖关系矩阵的方法应用于学校内部开发的构件RegisterStuGrade 中,并另外选取了三个与之有关的构件,对其依赖关系进行分析,建立相应的构件依赖关系矩阵和复杂依赖关系矩阵,并与Orso方法、Spec方法(基于规范说明的方法)所生成的测试用例对于构件RegisterStuGrade源代码的覆盖情况进行了对比,从而证明了本方法的有效性.  相似文献   
175.
互操作是实现数字图书馆集成或联邦的中心问题。对目前流行的几种数字图书馆互操作解决方案进行分析和对比,指出各自的优势和不足。在此基础上引入网格技术,提出一种基于网格技术的增强型互操作体系结构。对该体系结构进行具体分析。  相似文献   
176.
Most scientific databases consist of datasets (or sources) which in turn include samples (or files) with an identical structure (or schema). In many cases, samples are associated with rich metadata, describing the process that leads to building them (e.g.: the experimental conditions used during sample generation). Metadata are typically used in scientific computations just for the initial data selection; at most, metadata about query results is recovered after executing the query, and associated with its results by post-processing. In this way, a large body of information that could be relevant for interpreting query results goes unused during query processing.In this paper, we present ScQL, a new algebraic relational language, whose operations apply to objects consisting of data–metadatapairs, by preserving such one-to-one correspondence throughout the computation. We formally define each operation and we describe an optimization, called meta-first, that may significantly reduce the query processing overhead by anticipating the use of metadata for selectively loading into the execution environment only those input samples that contribute to the result samples.In ScQL, metadata have the same relevance as data, and contribute to building query results; in this way, the resulting samples are systematically associated with metadata about either the specific input samples involved or about query processing, thereby yielding a new form of metadata provenance. We present many examples of use of ScQL, relative to several application domains, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of the meta-first optimization.  相似文献   
177.
本文首先对数字电影沉浸式音频技术相关国际标准进行了解析,然后对数字电影沉浸式音频文件的制作、打包、传输和渲染进行分析,最后提出一套专业影院用沉浸式音频系统的解决方案,旨在推动尽早打破国外技术垄断、实现沉浸式音频在数字电影节目包(DCP)制版的统一和内容共享、系统间互操作和与国际技术标准兼容,形成具有中国自有知识产权的数字影院沉浸式音频标准化体系。  相似文献   
178.
创建企业级数据仓库的关键技术   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
论述了企业创建数据仓库的必要性、数据仓库的价值和应用,以及创建的关键技术,逻辑数据模型、物理数据模型设计、定义记录系统及与数据仓库接口等。最后论述创建的工具。  相似文献   
179.
脚本语言可以通过“黏合”构件模块形成新的应用程序。通过分析“和欣”操作系统和CAR构件编程模型对面向构件编程的支持,提出了基于CAR构件系统的脚本语言通用适配层SCI,探讨了一种脚本语言与CAR构件自动适配的技术,以实现基于CAR构件的脚本动态编程。结合CAR构件技术与脚本语言,提高应用程序的模块化程度,加速应用程序的开发过程。  相似文献   
180.
Many of the best practices concerning the development of ecological models or analytic techniques published in the scientific literature are not fully available to modelers but rather are stored in scientists' digital or biological memories. We propose that it is time to address the problem of storing, documenting, and executing ecological models and analytical procedures. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework to design and implement a web application that will help to meet this challenge. This tool will foster cooperation among scientists, enhancing the creation of relevant knowledge that could be transferred to environmental managers. We have implemented this conceptual framework in a tool called ModeleR. This is being used to document, share, and execute more than 200 models and analytical processes associated with a global change monitoring program that is being undertaken in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (south Spain). ModeleR uses the concept of scientific workflow to connect and execute different types of models and analytical processes. Finally, we have envisioned the creation of a federation of model repositories where models documented within a local repository could be linked and even executed by other researchers.  相似文献   
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