High-temperature sulfidation of Fe-Nb alloys

The sulfidation behavior of Fe-Nb alloys containing up to 30 w/o Nb was studied over the range of 600–900°C in 0.01 aim. S₂ vapor. All alloys were two-phase, consisting of an Fe-rich solid solution and Fe₂Nb, and followed the parabolic rate law at all temperatures. Scales consisted of two layers-an outer layer of FeS and an inner, complex layer which contained some FeS, FeNb₂S₄ (possibly some FeNb₃S₆), NbS₂, and intermetallic particles which were either completely or only partially sulfidized. Platinum markers were located always at the interface between the two layers, which corresponded to the original metal surface. Activation energies were 18±3 kcal/mol in close agreement with the 19.8 reported for pure iron. The sulfidation rate decreased markedly with increasing Nb content of the alloys. The decrease is attributed to increasing amounts of Fe₂Nb with increasing Nb, the net effect being that the diffusion path for outward iron diffusion through the inner layer is reduced as the Nb content increases. An analysis of the structure of NbS₂ reveals that it is easily intercalated with Fe between loosely bonded layers of S-Nb-S. The S-Nb-S layers are covalently bonded which results in very low diffusivities of either S or Nb in pure NbS₂. Although intercalated Fe tends to change the Van der Waal's type bonding between layers to more ionic or covalent, Fe diffuses readily between the layers in NbS₂. Intercalation of Fe also increases the concentration of sulfur defects in NbS₂, which in turn increases the diffusivity of sulfur. Nb was observed to be immobile. Thus, it is thought that either outward iron diffusion or inward sulfur diffusion in the inner layer is the rate-controlling step, in spite of the close agreement of activation energies with that of the sulfidation of pure iron.     

Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金的结构、磁致伸缩性能和自旋重取向研究

本文系统研究了室温下Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.35)合金中金属Al替代Fe对晶体结构、磁致伸缩、内禀磁致伸缩、各向异性和自旋重取向的影响.结果发现,x＜0.4时,Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95完全保持MgCl2立方Laves相结构,晶格常数a随Al含量x的增加而增大.磁致伸缩测量发现,随着替代量x的增多磁致伸缩减小,x＞0.15时超磁致伸缩效应消失;x＜0.15时磁致伸缩在低场下(H≤40kA/m)有小幅增加,高场下迅速减小,而且易趋于饱和,说明添加少量Al有助于减小磁晶各向异性.内禀磁致伸缩λ111随[111]替代量x的增加大幅度降低.穆斯堡尔效应表明,Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金的易磁化方向随成份和温度在{110}面逐渐偏离了立方晶体的主对称轴,即自旋重取向.室温下,当x=0.15时,Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金中出现了少量非磁性相;x＞0.15时,合金完全呈顺磁性.     

低电压氧化锌压敏电阻器的研究

研究了一种制造低电电压氧化锌压敏电阻器的方法。在基本成分的基础上适当加入二氧化钛可降低梯度电压（Ｖ１ｍＡ／ｍｍ），适量掺硼和改进热处理工艺可减小元件的漏电流和提高其稳定性。     

高温钎料PdCu-Ti在氧化铝陶瓷上的润湿性及界面反应

本文采用座滴法试验研究了合金系统ＰｄＣｕ－Ｔｉ在Ａｌ２Ｏ３上润湿性的变化规律，探讨了界面冶金及结合等行为，运用热力学理论对结果进行了分析，随Ｔｉ含量的增加及Ｐｄ含量的减少润湿角逐渐降低，Ｔｉ的加入使界面发生了一个双重变化；液相侧富氧，钛吸收层的生成及随后的固相侧氧化钛的生成，只有界面上生成一氧化钛，才能有较好的润湿行为和较强的结合力。     

氧化钒制取碳化钒的热力学分析

采用热力学的方法对以五氧化二钒为原料制取碳化钒的工艺过程进行了分析,分析表明:钒氧化物的转化过程中遵守逐级还原理论。钒氧化物碳化过程中,不转化为金属钒,直接转化为碳化钒。在钒氧化物的转化过程中,应尽可能使其转化为二氧化钒。若采用气相还原碳化的方法,可通过调节气体的流量、配比、还原与碳化工艺参数进行质量控制。     

凝胶燃烧法合成LiCoO2超细粉体的研究

以LiNO3和Co(NO3)2@6H2O为原料,柠檬酸为燃料.采用凝胶低温燃烧技术合成了LiCoO2超细粉体.并利用各种分析技术对柠檬酸和硝酸盐形成的凝胶及凝胶燃烧合成的粉体进行了研究柠檬酸硝酸盐凝胶在350-400℃之间发生燃烧反应,得到黑色疏松粉体X射线衍射分析表明.适当提高柠檬酸在凝胶中的含量.燃烧后得到的粉体晶粒尺寸显著减小未经燃烧的粉体中除含有LiCoO2外.还有CoO,Li2CO3等杂质相.但在450℃下经短时间煅烧后.杂质相消失,其晶相为层状岩盐结构的高温LiCoO2相扫描电镜和透射电镜观察发现.随着煅烧温度的提高.LiCoO2粉体的粒径有所增大.但远小于在相同煅烧条件下用固相反应法制备的LiCoO2粉体.这表明采用燃烧法更适于合成具有单一相结构的,可在低温条件下烧结的超细LiCoO2粉体.     

Electrical transport in UNi0.5Sb2 single crystals

Single crystals of UNi₀.₅Sb₂ were investigated by means of Seebeck coefficient and Hall effect measurements in the temperature range 5–300 K. The results corroborated the occurrence of two magnetic phase transitions: from para- to antiferromagnetic state at T_N = 161.5 K and a spin-reorientation near T_t = 64 K. The first-order character of the latter feature was proved by studying in detail the electrical resistivity and the magnetic susceptibility of single-crystalline UNi₀.₅Sb₂ in the vicinity of T_t.     

Study on structure and magnetic entropy changes of Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys

A series of Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys were preparedby arc melting under purified argon atmosphere. The structure and magnetic entropy changes in Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction pattern and MPMS XL-7 magnetometer. The experimental results show that the crystal structure of Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys keeps in TH2Zn17-type rhombohedral, and the Curie temperature of Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys can be shifted to room temperature around by a composition adjustment. The magnetic entropy changes (-ΔSM) in Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys are relatively large, and a platform of magnetic entropy changes appearsnear the temperature TC. Ce2-xPrxFe16.5Co0.5 alloys are the potential working media for magnetic refrigeration with their stable chemical properties and especially low price.     

90W-7Ni-3Fe纳米晶粉末的瞬时液相强化烧结特征

采用机械合金化(MA)制备了晶粒尺寸为8～18 nm的90W-7Ni-3Fe纳米晶粉末(MA粉末).将粉末注射成形,在1 480～1 500℃经3～5 min瞬时液相烧结.结果表明,采用瞬时液相强化烧结可以得到W晶粒为3～8 μm近全致密的细晶钨合金,显微组织为细小的球形W晶粒均匀地连续分布在纤维状粘结相中,烧结坯具有好的拉抻性能.长时间的传统液相烧结使球状W晶粒迅速粗化,而且密度和强度下降,但延伸率反而增加.在MA粉末中添加微量Y2O3后采用瞬时液相烧结,可以使合金抗拉强度提高到1 055 MPa,延伸率提高到16.5%.     

钛合金固态相变的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外学者在钛合金固态相变理论和实验研究方面的进展情况，介绍了几种钛合金固态相变的研究实验方法，并对钛合金中马氏体、硼、亚稳脚分解等相变动力学、晶体学以及组织的演变、形核生长等进行了总结和归纳。