酯化法合成丙酮酸乙酯的研究

论述了以丙酮酸、乙醇为原料,离子交换树脂作催化剂,催化合成丙酮酸乙酯的新工艺。考察了催化剂种类、用量、原料配比、反应时间以及催化剂使用次数等因素对酯化率的影响,确定了催化剂种类和最佳工艺条件。结果表明,732强酸性离子交换树脂具有良好的催化活性和选择性,可多次重复使用,酯化率可达85.7%,产品质量符合国家标准。     

Research progress of the NSFC Major Research Plan Dynamic Disaster Evolution of Major Engineering Structures

The NSFC Major Research Plan aims to conduct researches at the international research frontiers on modeling of strong earthquake ground motions and strong wind or typhoon fields, and investigating the damage and failure evolution process of the major engineering structures under dynamic actions, focusing on the following two key scientific problems: (1) characteristics and laws of strong earthquake ground motions and strong wind or typhoon fields, and (2) process and mechanism of dynamic disaster evolution ...     

Negative refraction of a surface plasmon polariton

We study theoretically the negative refraction of a surface plasmon polariton. The system we consider consists of a vacuum that is in a contact with two metals that each fill a quarter space with a periodic boundary between them. The interface of each of the metals with the vacuum supports a surface plasmon polariton. When a surface plasmon polariton passes through the periodic boundary between the metals it transforms partly into the Bragg beams of the refracted and reflected surface plasmon polaritons and partly into volume waves in the vacuum. A suitable choice of the period can ensure that the only propagating Bragg beams of the refracted surface plasmon polariton are the specular beam and the (?1)-order beam, which is negatively refracted. With a suitable choice for the form of the profile function and its amplitude the specular beam can be made to vanish.     

提高全钢结构的结构效率实现钢结构的核心价值

首先,论述全钢结构的三大核心价值——最轻的结构、最短的工期和最好的延性;然后,阐述结构分类与创新;最后,对中、外大型全钢结构的结构效率进行了对比。说明全钢结构设计的关键是正确选择结构方案,方案选错,优化无用。     

四川盆地龙门山北段隐伏构造带特征及其油气勘探意义

2014年以来,四川盆地西北部(以下简称川西北)龙门山山前带双鱼石地区上古生界天然气勘探获得重大发现,先后在中二叠统栖霞组、中泥盆统观雾山组钻获多口工业气井。随着勘探工作的稳步推进,深入开展龙门山逆冲推覆构造前锋带—山前带构造特征研究,是认识该区上古生界气藏特征、拓展油气勘探领域的重要前提。为此,基于新部署的线束三维地震、重磁电资料以及ST9等井的实钻成果,解剖了龙门山逆冲推覆构造前锋带—山前带的构造特征,进而分析了该区隐伏构造带的构造特征、天然气成藏条件和勘探前景。结果表明:(1)龙门山逆冲推覆构造前锋带(1)号隐伏断裂之下发育大型隐伏构造带,其地层受挤压褶皱变形,发育下三叠统嘉陵江组以下的海相地层;(2)由南到北(1)号断裂底部滑脱层位由浅变深,从南部的寒武系滑脱,向北部逐渐转换为基底卷入,古生界及其以上地层整体抬升,越向北抬升幅度越大,断裂上下盘之间的位移距离、褶皱幅度也越大,北部相对南部上古生界构造整体抬升约1 500 m;(3)在剑阁以西—广元地区,(1)号断裂东侧整体表现出"三级台阶"的构造格局。结论认为:龙门山逆冲推覆构造前锋带(1)号断裂下盘隐伏构造带面积达1 800 km2,具有优越的天然气成藏条件,其中观雾山组和栖霞组储集条件、保存条件好,是川西北深层海相层系天然气勘探拓展寻找新突破的重要领域,具有现实的油气勘探意义。     

ETHYL CARBAMATE FORMATION IN GRAIN SPIRITS: PART IV—RADIOCHEMICAL STUDIES

The formation of radioactive ethyl carbamate from added H¹⁴CN was studied in a sample of new spirit from a grain distillery. Reaction conditions were at ambient temperature in the dark. Cupric ions added to spirit promoted the incorporation of cyanide into ethyl carbamate.     

Thermal Shrinkage Behavior of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Thermal treatment of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a post‐treatment approach has grown in popularity and resulted in various MOF‐derived materials. However, the widely used extreme thermolytic conditions (usually above 500 °C) lead to degradation in the well‐defined MOFs intrinsic properties. This work demonstrates that MIL‐101 calcined at medium‐temperature range (200–280 °C) partially breaks the coordination bonds that can introduce more accessible active sites, exhibiting a 10‐fold increase in oxidation activity while retaining its intrinsic structure and porosity. Another fascinating feature of MIL‐101 calcined in this temperature range is their temperature‐dependent shrinkage behavior, which is also found in many other types of MOFs. Based on different shrinkage ratios of various MOFs, yolk–shell MOFs@MOFs structures can be constructed through nonsacrificial template method. Overall, the structural and morphological evolution process of MOFs treated in the medium‐temperature range can open new horizons to develop efficient MOFs catalysts and design complex structures.     

Stoichiometry Control for the Tuning of Grain Passivation and Domain Distribution in Green Quasi‐2D Metal Halide Perovskite Films and Light‐Emitting Diodes

Quasi‐2D metal halide perovskite films are promising for efficient light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), because of their efficient radiative recombination and suppressed trap‐assisted quenching compared with pure 3D perovskites. However, because of the multidomain polycrystalline nature of solution‐processed quasi‐2D perovskite films, the composition engineering always impacts the emitting properties with complicated mechanisms. Here, defect passivation and domain distribution of quasi‐2D perovskite films prepared with various precursor compositions are systematically studied. As a result, in perovskite films prepared from stoichiometric quasi‐2D precursor compositions, large organic ammonium cations function well as passivators. In comparison, precursor compositions of simply adding large organic halide salt into a 3D perovskite precursor ensure not only the defect passivation but also the effective formation of quasi‐2D perovskite domains, avoiding unfavorable appearance of low‐order domains. Quasi‐2D perovskite films fabricated with a well‐designed precursor composition achieve a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 95.3% and an external quantum efficiency of 14.7% in LEDs.     

Layered Silicon‐Based Nanosheets as Electrode for 4 V High‐Performance Supercapacitor

Silicon‐based materials have shown great potential and been widely studied in various fields. Unlike its unparalleled theoretical capacity as anodes for batteries, few investigations have been reported on silicon‐based materials for applications in supercapacitors. Here, an electrode composed of layered silicon‐based nanosheets, obtained through oxidation and exfoliation, for a supercapacitor operated up to 4 V is reported. These silicon‐based nanosheets show an areal specific capacitance of 4.43 mF cm^?2 at 10 mV s^?1 while still retaining a specific capacitance of 834 µF cm^?2 even at an ultrahigh scan rate of 50 000 mV s^?1. The volumetric energy and power density of the supercapacitor are 7.65 mWh cm^?3 and 9312 mW cm^?3, respectively, and the electrode can operate for 12000 cycles in a potential window of 4 V at 2 A g^?1, while retaining 90.6% capacitance. These results indicate that the silicon‐based nanosheets can be a competitive candidate as the supercapacitor electrode material.