凌钢高炉风口攻关实践

分析了风口破损的原因 ,并采取了缩小进风面积、提高标准风速 ,推广使用斜长风口 ,减少原燃料入炉粉末 ,活跃炉缸工作 ,提高冷却强度等措施 ,大大减少了风口破损数量。与 2 0 0 2年相比 ,风口 (小套 )破损率下降了 45 %以上。     

Emissivity Measurements on Metallic Surfaces with Various Degrees of Roughness: A Comparison of Laser Polarimetry and Integrating Sphere Reflectometry

Both integrating sphere reflectometry (ISR) as well as laser polarimetry have their advantages and limitations in their ability to determine the normal spectral emissivity of metallic samples. Laser polarimetry has been used for years to obtain normal spectral emissivity measurements on pulse-heated materials. The method is based on the Fresnel equations, which describe reflection and refraction at an ideally smooth interface between two isotropic media. However, polarimetry is frequently used with surfaces that clearly deviate from this ideal condition. Questions arise with respect to the applicability of the simple Fresnel equations to non-specular surfaces. On the other hand, reflectometry utilizing integrating spheres provides a measurement of the hemispherical spectral reflectance, from which the normal spectral emissivity can be derived. ISR provides data on spectral-normal-hemispherical reflectance and, hence, normal spectral emissivity for a variety of surfaces. However, the resulting errors are minimal when both the sample and the reference have a similar bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). In an effort to explore the limits of polarimetry in terms of surface roughness, room temperature measurements on the same samples with various degrees of roughness were performed using both ISR and a laser polarimeter. In this paper the two methods are briefly described and the results of the comparison are discussed.     

Comparison of land surface emissivity and radiometric temperature derived from MODIS and ASTER sensors

This study compared surface emissivity and radiometric temperature retrievals derived from data collected with the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensors, onboard the NASA's Earth Observation System (EOS)-TERRA satellite. Two study sites were selected: a semi-arid area located in northern Chihuahuan desert, USA, and a Savannah landscape located in central Africa. Atmospheric corrections were performed using the MODTRAN 4 atmospheric radiative transfer code along with atmospheric profiles generated by the National Center for Environmental Predictions (NCEP). Atmospheric radiative properties were derived from MODTRAN 4 calculations according to the sensor swaths, which yielded different strategies from one sensor to the other. The MODIS estimates were then computed using a designed Temperature-Independent Spectral Indices of Emissivity (TISIE) method. The ASTER estimates were derived using the Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm. The MODIS and ASTER radiometric temperature retrievals were in good agreement when the atmospheric corrections were similar, with differences lower than 0.9 K. The emissivity estimates were compared for MODIS/ASTER matching bands at 8.5 and 11 μm. It was shown that the retrievals agreed well, with RMSD ranging from 0.005 to 0.015, and biases ranging from −0.01 to 0.005. At 8.5 μm, the ranges of emissivities from both sensors were very similar. At 11 μm, however, the ranges of MODIS values were broader than those of the ASTER estimates. The larger MODIS values were ascribed to the gray body problem of the TES algorithm, whereas the lower MODIS values were not consistent with field references. Finally, we assessed the combined effects of spatial variability and sensor resolution. It was shown that for the study areas we considered, these effects were not critical.     

赤峰市喀喇沁旗金矿成矿地质条件及资源潜力

喀喇沁旗位于华北地台北缘中段槽台交界处台区一侧，ＥＷ向超岩石圈断裂与ＮＥ（ＮＮＥ）向新华夏构造体系交汇处．境内晚太古宙含金绿岩建造、元古宙浊积岩建造，以及燕山期金铜系列花岗岩广泛出露．中生代地台活化过程中造成的含金结晶基底重熔及构造活化作用使该区广泛发育显生宙花岗岩建造全矿床、绿岩建造金矿床和浊积岩建造金矿床．根据活化成矿理论估算的全旗金矿资源总量在２５０ｔ以上。     

Fluid Flow,Heat Transfer and Inclusion Motion in a Four‐Strand Billet Continuous Casting Tundish

Inclusions in the steel in a four‐strand continuous casting tundish, billet and wire products are firstly investigated with industrial trials, and the fraction of inclusions removed in terms of total oxygen in the tundish is measured. Then the 3‐dimenional fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion motion in the tundish are numerically simulated. The κ‐? two‐equation model is used to model turbulence. Inclusion motion and trajectories are calculated by considering drag force and buoyancy force, coupling the effect of turbulent fluctuation (Random Walk Model). The effect of strands‐blocking on the fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion removal is studied. A new design of tundish is proposed focusing on removing more inclusions from the molten steel.     

基于分布式微服务架构的重型车污染物排放监管平台设计

随着汽车尾气污染问题日益严峻, 生态环境部要求所有国六重型车安装远程排放管理车载终端以监测其尾气排放. 本文设计了一种基于分布式微服务架构的重型车污染物排放分区监管平台, 该平台采集特定区域内所有安装车载终端的重型车实时数据, 对重型车主要尾气污染物氮氧化物、颗粒物进行定量分析, 同时提出了一种判定污染物所属具体行政区的算法, 从而实现了各行政区域内重型车污染物排放总量统计和展示. 最终该平台部署于淄博市生态环境局, 运行正常且数据可靠, 为环保部门的精准监管和治理提供了有力的数据支撑.     

基于关系模式范式理论的图书馆网络数据库的设计优化与实现

本文介绍了关系模型数据库设计的范式理论，并结合高校图书馆网络数据库的性能优化问题，提出利用BCNF和第三范式设计表结构，使得该数据库能高速处理大容量的数据。     

配电网故障定位与快速抢修系统研究

针对配电网发生故障后采用传统的人工巡线方式存在故障区段定位困难、抢修效率低的问题,设计了一种基于柱上故障定位监测终端的配电网故障定位与快速抢修系统。该系统采用柱上故障定位监测终端实时测量配电网数据,采用过流速断法判别短路故障、全电流法判别接地故障;当故障发生时,柱上故障定位监测终端通过GPRS无线通信模块将故障信息发送到监控主站,监控主站采用改进的矩阵定位算法实现故障区段的准确定位;故障类型及故障位置以短信方式通知相关工作人员并在监控主站界面上显示,从而可实现故障的快速抢修。仿真结果验证了该系统的可行性。     

下推自动机的状态转换图与下推自动机的化简

参照有限状态自动机图形表示方式的思想方法,研究了标准下推自动机的图形表示——PAD 状态转换图,证明了下推自动机与标准下推自动机的等价性。给出了对标准下推自动机进行化简的原则,并给出了化简算法,实现了下推自动机的化简。     

Application of High-Speed Laser Polarimetry to Noncontact Detection of Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys at High Temperatures

A high-speed laser polarimetry technique, developed recently for the measurement of normal spectral emissivity of materials at high temperatures, was used to detect solid–solid and solid–liquid phase transformations in metals and alloys in millisecond-resolution pulse-heating experiments. Experiments were performed where normal spectral emissivity at 633 nm was measured simultaneously with surface radiance temperature, resistance, and/or voltage drop across the specimen. It was observed that a phase transformation, as indicated either by an arrest in the specimen radiance temperature or changes in the resistance and/or voltage drop, generally caused a change in normal spectral emissivity. Experiments were conducted on cobalt, iron, hafnium, titanium, and zirconium to detect solid–solid phase transformations. Similar experiments were also performed on niobium, titanium, and the alloy 85titanium–15molybdenum (mass%) to detect solid–liquid phase transformations (melting).