A 2D image-based multiphysics model for lifetime evaluation and failure scenario analysis of self-healing ceramic-matrix mini-composites under a tensile load

We propose a multi-physics numerical model for a self-healing ceramic matrix mini-composite under tensile load. Crack averaged PDEs are proposed for the transport of oxygen and of all the chemical species involved in the healing process and studied in the dimensionless form to perform the most appropriate discretization choices concerning time integration, and boundary conditions. Concerning the fibres’ degradation, a slow crack growth model explicitly dependent on the environmental parameters is calibrated using a particular exact solution and integrated numerically in the general case. The tow failure results from the statistical distribution of the fibres’ initial strength, the slow crack growth kinetics, and the load transfer following fibres breakage. The lifetime prediction capabilities of the model, as well as the effect of temperature, spatial variation of the statistical distribution of fibres strength, and applied load, are investigated highlighting the influence of the diffusion/reaction processes (healing) on the fibre breakage scenarios.     

发动机冷却系统中流动与传热问题数值模拟进展

着重论述利用数值模拟技术研究发动机冷却系统中流动与传热问题的发展现状,包括水套单相流及气液两相流流动、流－固耦合传热、一维与三维联合模拟等该研究领域的热点内容。耦合系统之间联合分析的方法准确反映了发动机各部件之间的影响关系,这种分析方法是目前研究的重点,但其中仍存在一些问题。基于此状况提出改进办法：针对不同工况选用循环平均参数作为燃气侧传热边界条件;水套进出口的流动边界条件,在稳态工况下设为定值,在过渡工况下通过循环一维仿真计算确定;应采用整体耦合方法进行计算,计算模型应尽量完整,但可以进行适当的简化,并总结出模型简化的原则。     

Vascularization Strategies in 3D Cell Culture Models: From Scaffold-Free Models to 3D Bioprinting

The discrepancies between the findings in preclinical studies, and in vivo testing and clinical trials have resulted in the gradual decline in drug approval rates over the past decades. Conventional in vitro drug screening platforms employ two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models, which demonstrate inaccurate drug responses by failing to capture the three-dimensional (3D) tissue microenvironment in vivo. Recent advancements in the field of tissue engineering have made possible the creation of 3D cell culture systems that can accurately recapitulate the cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions, as well as replicate the intricate microarchitectures observed in native tissues. However, the lack of a perfusion system in 3D cell cultures hinders the establishment of the models as potential drug screening platforms. Over the years, multiple techniques have successfully demonstrated vascularization in 3D cell cultures, simulating in vivo-like drug interactions, proposing the use of 3D systems as drug screening platforms to eliminate the deviations between preclinical and in vivo testing. In this review, the basic principles of 3D cell culture systems are briefly introduced, and current research demonstrating the development of vascularization in 3D cell cultures is discussed, with a particular focus on the potential of these models as the future of drug screening platforms.     

涡流管热冷出口压力比对其性能的影响研究

采用Fluent数值模拟的方法,以R41、R23、R32、R290、R1234yf、R134a为工质对涡流管进行三维数值模拟,得出不同工质涡流管制冷效应、制热效应以及分离效应随热冷出口压力比的变化规律,并以R41为工质分析不同流道数目涡流管性能随热冷出口压力比的变化规律。模拟结果表明:R41的制冷、制热以及分离效应最好,最大分离效应可达5 K左右;不同工质涡流管制热效应以及分离效应随热冷出口压力比的增大而增大,制冷效应随热冷出口压力比的增大而减小;不同热冷出口压力比条件下,随着喷嘴流道数的增加涡流管制冷效应逐渐降低而制热效应逐渐升高。     

Parameter inference in a computational model of haemodynamics in pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) greater than 20 mmHg, is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and decreased pulmonary arterial compliance. There are few measurable biomarkers of PH progression, but a conclusive diagnosis of the disease requires invasive right heart catheterization (RHC). Patient-specific cardiovascular systems-level computational models provide a potential non-invasive tool for determining additional indicators of disease severity. Using computational modelling, this study quantifies physiological parameters indicative of disease severity in nine PH patients. The model includes all four heart chambers, the pulmonary and systemic circulations. We consider two sets of calibration data: static (systolic and diastolic values) RHC data and a combination of static and continuous, time-series waveform data. We determine a subset of identifiable parameters for model calibration using sensitivity analyses and multi-start inference and perform posterior uncertainty quantification. Results show that additional waveform data enables accurate calibration of the right atrial reservoir and pump function across the PH cohort. Model outcomes, including stroke work and pulmonary resistance-compliance relations, reflect typical right heart dynamics in PH phenotypes. Lastly, we show that estimated parameters agree with previous, non-modelling studies, supporting this type of analysis in translational PH research.     

地下矿井巷工程CAD及造型系统3DMS的研究与开发

在AutoCAD for Windows环境下开发地下矿井巷工程计算机辅助设计及实体造型系统3DMS.根据采矿设计规范开发辅助设计及绘图工具;建立井巷工程数据库,从设计图中识别井巷工程并录入井巷工程的几何参数及其属性;以井巷工程数据库为基础,利用AME(AutoCADModelling Extention)技术开发可视化井巷工程实体造型系统.3DMS系统的推广应用,能够大幅度提高设计效率和质量.     

球墨铸铁微观组织形成的数值模拟

基于结晶动力学理论,建立了球墨铸铁凝固过程各阶段微观组织形成形核和长大的数学模型;根据该结晶动力学模型,编制了球铁微观组织形成模拟软件FTStructure．该软件可以预测球铁凝固过程中各相的形成以及固态转变中铁素体和珠光体的形成,并进而预测铸态力学性能．模拟了阶梯形试块的冷却曲线、微观组织和布氏硬度．模拟与实测结果符合较好．     

DC-EAES-LF熔池电弧电渣加热过程的三维数值模拟

建立了非规范正交曲线坐标系下DC-EAES-LF炉电弧电渣加热过程三维数学模型,并进行联立耦合求解：速度场计算使用了矢性流函数方程和涡量输运方程;湍流模型采用引入Rechardson浮力修正项的k-ε双方程模型;温度场用非定常能量输运方程描述．现场测量的温度场与预报结果基本一致。     

水下无线光通信链路构成与性能优化进展

水下无线光通信(UWOC)可为水下平台提供高速灵活的通信选择。本文介绍了UWOC的基本链路构成,并指出UWOC系统的优化方案。吸收、散射和湍流都会影响UWOC的性能,深入研究信道特性可以指导发射器、接收器和相关信号处理技术的设计。UWOC性能还能够通过复用技术、单光子探测技术和对准系统等进行优化。功能全面的测试平台可以为UWOC系统提供必要的测试环境,为海试与工业化应用奠定基础。本文期望能为UWOC相关研究者带来帮助。

     

空气预热温度对天然气加热炉内温度场和NOx排放的影响

作为一种特殊的炉型形式,天然气加热炉不仅是天然气工业中不可或缺的设备,同时也是天然气运用过程中的主要耗能设备。天然气在一次能源消耗结构中的占比越来越高,对加热炉的不断研究将助力天然气工业朝着节能环保的方向发展。为了研究不同空气预热温度对130kW天然气加热炉内温度场和NOx排放的影响,本文分别采用了DO离散坐标辐射模型和P-1辐射模型、标准k-ε双方程湍流模型、非预混燃烧模型和热力型NOx污染物模型对加热炉内温度场和浓度场进行数值模拟和分析。结果表明:随着空气预热温度的升高,火管内燃烧区域提前,燃烧放热量和对流管束内被加热气体吸热量先增后减,NOx排放浓度不断增加。综合分析后得出燃烧器进口空气的最佳预热温度为400 K,此时燃烧放热量和对流管束吸热量最高,且NOx排放浓度低于国家标准。研究结果为天然气加热炉的实际运行及优化设计提供参考。