Simulation of the urban climate variations in connection with the transformations of the city of Nantes since the 17th century

The paper seeks to quantify the effect of urban politics on the microclimate of the city of Nantes (France), in particular those initiated by the sanitarians in the mid-19th century to find a remedy for the insalubrity that had been developing with urban densification since the late 17th century. Intensive historical research was first carried out in order to define and date the major transformations undergone by the city, its structure (densification, then widening of the streets, filling of water courses), the lifestyle habits (heating) or the building practices (appearance of stone and paving, higher buildings, insulation). This led to the definition of 5 characteristic states of the city, in 1680, 1756, 1835, 1880 and 1945.     

Issues in the assimilation of the sources of a trace gas by inverse modelling

The problem of reconstructing the (otherwise unknown) source and sink field of a tracer in a fluid is studied by developing and testing a simple tracer transport model of a single-level global atmosphere and a dynamic data assimilation system. The source/sink field (taken to be constant over a 10-day assimilation window) and initial tracer field are analysed together by assimilating imperfect tracer observations over the window.Experiments show that useful information about the source/sink field may be determined from relatively few observations when the initial tracer field is known very accurately a-priori, even when a-priori source/sink information is biased (the source/sink a-priori is set to zero). In this case each observation provides information about the source/sink field at positions upstream and the assimilation of many observations together can reasonably determine the location and strength of a test source.     

Desorption kinetics of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene from aged dense nonaqueous phase liquid-contaminated soil

Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the desorption kinetics of a contaminated soil collected from a field site at Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Utah. The site has been contaminated with many dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), primarily trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE), for more than 60 years. Similar desorptive behaviour of both TCE and PCE was observed: a stage of fast release of the contaminant at the start followed by a very slow stage. Moreover, it is suggested that not all the contaminant in the solid phase may be released to the aqueous phase, apparently due to the age factor. Local variations were observed in the effective diffusivity and other sorption-related parameters across the site due to aquifer heterogeneity. Experimental results were then simulated using a numerical code based on the intraparticle diffusion model. Good agreement was found between both results.     

Seeker optimization algorithm for global optimization: A case study on optimal modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

In order to optimize the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model parameters, a novel approach based on seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) is proposed. The SOA is based on the concept of simulating human searching behaviors, where the choice of search direction is based on the empirical gradient by evaluating the response to the position changes and the decision of step length is based on uncertainty reasoning by using a simple Fuzzy rule. In this study, after evaluated on benchmark function optimization, the SOA is applied to optimal modelling of the PEMFC by using a fuel cell test system in Fuel Cell Application Centre (FAC) at the Temasek Polytechnic, and compared with several state-of-the-art versions of differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is superior to other compared algorithms, and the PEMFC model with optimized parameters by SOA fitted experimental data well. Hence, SOA is an effective and reliable technique for optimizing the parameters of PEMFC model, and can be helpful for system analysis, optimization design and real-time control of the PEMFCs.     

A Novel Approach to Analyzing the Occupancy of the Geo/Geo/∞ Queueing System

Discrete time queueing systems have been successfully used to model packet queues in computer and digital communications systems. In this article we introduce a novel approach to analyzing the Geo^X/Geo^Y/∞ queueing system, which is suitable for modelling high speed computer and communications systems. The approach is based on characterizing the system by a functional equation which is then solved recursively to give identical results to those obtained using other approaches.     

狭缝调相式分置斯特林制冷机理论模型与模拟

自从分置式斯特林制冷机出现以来,工程设计对可靠的整机理论模型有着迫切需求。给出狭缝调相式气动分置式斯特林制冷机热动力学模型及控制方程,直线压缩机采用了绝热模型,压缩活塞的运动规律采用了试验修正,模型中考虑了活塞驱动电机运动特征和回热不完全、轴向导热、穿梭运动、气体泵热、辐射等主要冷损,排出器运动采用单自由度强迫运动模型,并运用数值计算方法模拟整机性能。该模型可用来对整机性能进行预测并帮助设计者深入理解整机物理过程。     

一种高并行度的H.264帧内预测器的VLSI设计

分析了帧内预测的17种模式,对于每个4×4大小块的16个像素点的不同模式的预测公式之间的相同运算,采用数字强度缩减的方法去除计算的冗余,提出了一种高并行度的帧内预测器,可以每个时钟周期处理16个像素点的预测值。基于SMIC0.18μm工艺,用verilog对该设计进行了VLSI实现,综合后的电路的关键路径最大时延为10ns,电路规模不超过1.4万门,数据吞吐率可以达到1600Msamples/s。从实现结果来看,与采用可重构方法的设计相比,该设计在相同的并行度下减小了电路面积,简化了控制逻辑。     

完全匹配层产生数值反射的原因分析

完全匹配层是目前电磁场数值计算中比较理想的吸收边界，它对任意频率、任意入射角的电磁波的理论反射系数都为零。但由于数值离散的原因，完全匹配层边界仍然会产生一定的数值反射。本文通过理论分析，发现真空-PML和PML-PML交界面两边电导率的突变所引起的电场磁场衰减指数的突变是数值反射产生的根源。数值模拟结果表明，通过调整交界面上介电常数和电导率的取值可以有效地降低数值反射。     

多层球电磁散射的一种新算法

本文提出了多层吸收介质球电磁散射的散射系数an和bn的递推公式及其适用于计算机数值计算的形式。它对各种介质的复折射率和粒子尺寸参数均能获得稳定和收敛的数值结果。