Amperometric determination of bisphenol A in milk using PAMAM–Fe3O4 modified glassy carbon electrode

A simply and sensitively electroanalytical method for determination of bisphenol A (BPA) using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was presented. Compared with bare electrode, PAMAM–Fe₃O₄ modified electrode not only significantly enhanced the oxidation peak current of BPA, but also lowered the oxidation overpotential, suggesting that the modified electrode can remarkably improve the determining sensitivity of BPA. Factors influencing the detection processes were optimised and kinetic parameters were calculated. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation current increased linearly with increasing the concentration of BPA in the range of 1 × 10⁻⁸–3.07 × 10⁻⁶ M with the correlation coefficient of 0.9996 and the detection limit of 5 × 10⁻⁹ M. The current reached 95% of the steady-state current within about 6 s. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine BPA in milk samples and satisfactory results were obtained.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polysiloxane Grafted Polyamide‐Amine Surfactants

Dendritic‐linear surfactants 1G PAMAM–Si and 2G PAMAM–Si were prepared by grafting the single epoxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane (SEPDMS) onto the 1G and 2G dendritic polyamide‐amine (PAMAM), respectively. SEPDMS was synthesized by hydrogen‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane and allyl glycidyl ether in chloroplatinic acid. The optimum grafting conditions were obtained by single‐factor experiments when the mole ratio of SEPDMS and PAMAM was 0.95:1, the reaction temperature was 60 °C, the reaction time was 5 h and the solvent percentage was 60%. The molecular structure of PAMAM–Si was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatograph and potentiometric acid‐base titration. Furthermore, the stability, surface activity and emulsifying ability of the prepared surfactants were studied. The results showed that PAMAM–Si has high stability against dilution, acids, alkalies and salts. PAMAM–Si surfactants can significantly reduce the surface tension of water. And 2G PAMAM–Si is superior to 1G PAMAM–Si at the ability of emulsifying oil.     

Dendrimer–Palladium Complex Catalyzed Oxidation of Terminal Alkenes to Methyl Ketones

Silica‐supported polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with different spacer lengths were prepared. After the introduction of diphenylphosphino groups, complexation to dibenzylidenepalladium(0) gave the desired silica‐supported dendrimer–palladium catalyst complexes G0 to G4‐C2‐Pd. These catalysts showed activity towards the oxidation of terminal alkenes to methyl ketones. A dependence of catalytic activity on the spacer length of the diamine in PAMAM was observed.     

笼状PAMAM模板纳米钯催化Suzuki反应

针对PAMAM模板纳米钯催化剂在循环使用中容易团聚产生钯黑的问题,文章利用4．5代PAMAM端基的酯基团与乙二胺反应形成鸟笼状大分子,以其为模版合成纳米钯催化剂,研究发现,当端基连接50％,反应条件温和,催化剂易于分离,循环使用4次,仍能保持70％的收率。     

聚酰胺-胺为模板的钯纳米簇催化的Suzuki偶联反应

以不同代数、不同端基和不同程度端基桥联的聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树状大分子为模板,制备出稳定的钯纳米金属簇催化剂,通过催化Suzuki偶联反应考察了其应用效果。结果发现以4.5GPAMAM-OCH3为模板制备的钯纳米簇催化剂,反应条件温和,产品易于分离提纯,产率可达96%。将4.5GPAMAM-OCH3端基用乙二胺部分桥联后作为模板制备钯纳米金属簇催化剂,以防止纳米粒子团聚失活,初探结果表现出优异的重复使用性能。     

Synthesis and Characterization of MRI-Detectable Magnetic Dendritic Nanocarriers

Magnetic nanoparticles have been proposed for use as biomedical purposes to a large extent for several years. In this paper we discuss the preparation and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with acetyled – PAMAM dendrimers(Ac-PAMAM). Also, in the present study, the conjugate (Ac-PAMAM)/SPIO nanoparticles were exhaustivly studied as controlled-release systems for parenteral administration of a model drug 5-aminosalicyclic acid (mesalamine) and analyzed using various release kinetic studies. The nanoparticles thus synthesized have been characterized by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and with X-ray diffraction. The morphology of these nanoparticles was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

一种新型乳化炸药及其制备工艺

该文以PAMAM为稳定剂设计了一种新型的乳化炸药,研究了该乳化炸药的制备工艺,如添加PAMAM的量,添加PAMAM水溶液的浓度,温度,敏化方式等,并探讨了工艺条件对稳定性的影响,测定了添加PAMAM前后乳化炸药的焊速,结果表明,用PAMAM稳定后的乳化炸药焊速略有提高。     

Synergistic inhibition of human glioma cell line by temozolomide and PAMAM‐mediated miR‐21i

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for treating glioblastomas. However, resistance develops quickly and with a high frequency. Efforts to overcome chemoresistance are, therefore, critically needed. In present study, a poly(amidoamine; PAMAM) dendrimer was used as a vector to deliver microRNA‐21 inhibitor (miR‐21i) into U87 cells and the chemosensitivity of the combination effect of miR‐21i and TMZ for glioma therapy was investigated. Flow cytometry analysis showed the uptake efficiency of microRNA‐21 inhibitor after complexation with PAMAM. Real‐time PCR and in situ hybridization indicated that, compared with TMZ or miR‐21i treated cells, cells simultaneously treated with miR‐21i and TMZ showed a remarkable decrease in the microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) level. The transfection of miR‐21i enhanced the chemosensitivity by significantly decreasing the IC50 value of TMZ to glioma cells. Knockdown of miR‐21 promoted the cells' apoptosis, and at the same time, inhibited cell invasion. In conclusion, the combination treatment of glioma cells with TMZ and miR‐21i could yield a synergistic effect in inhibition of human glioma cell line. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Recent Advances in Preclinical Research Using PAMAM Dendrimers for Cancer Gene Therapy

Carriers of genetic material are divided into vectors of viral and non-viral origin. Viral carriers are already successfully used in experimental gene therapies, but despite advantages such as their high transfection efficiency and the wide knowledge of their practical potential, the remaining disadvantages, namely, their low capacity and complex manufacturing process, based on biological systems, are major limitations prior to their broad implementation in the clinical setting. The application of non-viral carriers in gene therapy is one of the available approaches. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are repetitively branched, three-dimensional molecules, made of amide and amine subunits, possessing unique physiochemical properties. Surface and internal modifications improve their physicochemical properties, enabling the increase in cellular specificity and transfection efficiency and a reduction in cytotoxicity toward healthy cells. During the last 10 years of research on PAMAM dendrimers, three modification strategies have commonly been used: (1) surface modification with functional groups; (2) hybrid vector formation; (3) creation of supramolecular self-assemblies. This review describes and summarizes recent studies exploring the development of PAMAM dendrimers in anticancer gene therapies, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the modification approaches and the nanomedicine regulatory issues preventing their translation into the clinical setting, and highlighting important areas for further development and possible steps that seem promising in terms of development of PAMAM as a carrier of genetic material.     

Mechanism of Anticancer Action of Novel Imidazole Platinum(II) Complex Conjugated with G2 PAMAM-OH Dendrimer in Breast Cancer Cells

Transition metal coordination compounds play an important role in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. However, due to their low selectivity and bioavailability, as well as the frequently occurring phenomenon of drug resistance, new chemical compounds that could overcome these phenomena are still being sought. The solution seems to be the synthesis of new metal complexes conjugated with drug carriers, e.g., dendrimers. Numerous literature data have shown that dendrimers improve the bioavailability of the obtained metal complexes, solving the problem of their poor solubility and stability in an aqueous environment and also breaking down inborn and acquired drug resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesize a novel imidazole platinum(II) complex conjugated with and without the second-generation PAMAM dendrimer (PtMet2–PAMAM and PtMet2, respectively) and to evaluate its antitumor activity. Cell viability studies indicated that PtMet2–PAMAM exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than PtMet2 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells at relatively low concentrations. Moreover, our results indicated that PtMet2–PAMAM exerted antiproliferative effects in a zebrafish embryo model. Treatment with PtMet2–PAMAM substantially increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner via caspase-9 (intrinsic pathway) and caspase-8 (extrinsic pathway) activation along with pro-apoptotic protein expression modulation. Additionally, we showed that apoptosis can be induced by activating POX, which induces ROS production. Furthermore, our results also clearly showed that the tested compounds trigger autophagy through p38 pathway activation and increase Beclin-1, LC3, AMPK, and mTOR inhibition. The high pro-apoptotic activity and the ability to activate autophagy by the imidazole platinum(II) complex conjugated with a dendrimer may be due to its demonstrated ability to reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) and thereby increase cellular accumulation in breast cancer cells.