PBL对研究生教学改革的启示

文章介绍了奥尔堡大学基于问题的学习的教学模式--PBL模式,作者通过PBL模式与我国高校传统的教学模式的对比,找到了传统教学模式的不足之处,从而认为在我国高校教学中推行PBL模式势在必行.同时,作者结合重庆大学的基础条件,提出了在该校研究生教育中应用PBL模式的初步想法,认为其切实可行,但又存在许多的障碍.     

医学教学中的PBL教学模式研究

随着医学模式的转变,以生物医学模式为基础的课程体系结构已不能满足现代社会对医学人才培养的要求。本文分析PBL在医学教育改革中的应用现状,指出当前PBL教学模式在我国医学教学中面临的困难,提出推进PBL教学模式的建议。     

项目管理承包模式在工程中的应用

介绍了PMC和EPC国际工程承包及项目管理的通行模式，对项目管理模式在工程项目上的应用进行了阐述，通过南海石化项目管理运作方式提出了相应的措施，对实施中存在的问题进行了总结。     

Ultra low frequency waves observed by Double Star TC-1 in the plasmasphere boundary layer

The characteristic and properties of ULF waves in the plasmasphere boundary layer during two very quiet periods are present. The ULF waves were detected by Double Star TC-1 when the spacecraft passed through the plasmasphere in an outbound and inbound trajectories, respectively. A clear association between the ULF waves and periodic variations of energetic ions fluxes was observed. The observations showed that the wave frequency was higher inside the plasmasphere than outside. The mechanism generating these ULF waves and possible diagnosing of the “classical plasmapause” location with the ULF wave were discussed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40504017, 40636031)     

PBL结合传统讲授法在“动物生物学”教学中的应用效果评价

探讨基于问题学习PBL结合传统讲授法LBL在普通本科院校“动物生物学”教学中的应用效果.PBL结合LBL的班级作为实验班,单纯采用LBL的班级为对照班,对两个班级的期末试卷及相应采用PBL 4章节的成绩进行比较,同时以问卷调查方式考查受试学生对PBL教学方法的评价.结果表明:实验班无论是在试卷平均成绩还是在4章节的平均...     

Enzyme-catalyzed polymerization and degradation of copolyesters of ε-caprolactone and γ-butyrolactone

Copolymers of γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) were successfully synthesized by ring-opening polymerization using Novozyme-435 (immobilized lipase B from Candida antartica) as catalyst. Copolymers with different compositions were obtained and characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, GPC, DSC and X-ray diffraction. Increasing the [BL]/[CL] feed ratio resulted in decreases of molecular weight (M_n) of copolymers and reaction yield. Moreover, the BL contents in the copolymers varied according to the feed ratio. The T_m of the copolymers decreased from 58 to 49 °C with increase in BL content from 0 to 14%. The resulting copolymers were all semicrystalline with a PCL-type crystalline structure. Solution cast films were allowed to degrade in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution containing Pseudomonas lipase. Weight loss data showed that the degradation rate of copolymers in the presence of Pseudomonas lipase decreased with the increase of BL contents.     

Online project-based learning in engineering design: Supporting the acquisition of design skills

In this work, we explore and compare how different online instructional practices can support the acquisition of design skills through the eyes of students in PBL (project-based learning), as well as the impact of such practices on the student performance. Particularly, students quantitatively assessed their perception towards the effectiveness of different online practices at supporting four ways of working in design: identification of a design problem and its constraints, research of potential design solutions, design decision-making, and communication of such decisions in an appropriate format. Student perceptions suggest that effective online PBL in engineering design is underpinned by instructional practices that amalgamate personalised, constructive technical support with immediate formative feedback, and that promote deeper social connections between students and academics. Drawing on the Community of Inquiry framework for online learning, these perceptions appear to be related to the extent to which the social and cognitive presence phenomena is inherent to the specific instructional practice. The combined deployment of such online practices ensures a student performance (71.7%) which is virtually the same as for the previous cohort (72.0%), when design was fully delivered on-campus. Implications for educational practice and transferability with extension to the teaching of different engineering design disciplines and settings are discussed.     

建筑给排水工程PBL教学模式构建与应用

以建筑给排水工程课程教学为例,探讨了PBL教学模式用于理工类高校专业课程教学模式构建原则与方法,论述了问题设置的基本原则,给出了教学流程实例以及PBL教学过程的质量监控措施.对传统教学模式和PBL教学模式进行了简要对比,指出在教学过程中,需结合教学内容和目标灵活确定教学模式,必要时可将传统的教学模式与PBL教学模式联合应用以发挥各自的优势.     

PBL加劲型方钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力统一解

对于特定的PBL加劲型方钢管混凝土轴压短柱,考虑混凝土榫形成的剪力键提供的有效作用,对PBL加劲肋进行受力分析.引入混凝土有效约束系数,采用统一强度理论,考虑中间主应力和材料拉压比的影响,推导了PBL加劲型方钢管混凝土短柱轴压极限承载力的计算公式,并对其影响因素进行了分析.将计算结果与文献试验结果进行对比,吻合较好,验证了所给公式的正确性.研究结果表明,PBL加劲型方钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力随双剪统一强度理论参数b、混凝土内摩擦角、加劲肋的宽度和厚度的增大而提高.所得结果可以为PBL加劲型方钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力的研究提供参考.     

单孔PBL剪力连接件疲劳性能试验研究

为研究PBL剪力连接件在疲劳荷载作用下的力学性能,完成了2组10个单孔PBL剪力连接件的等幅疲劳推出试验。分析PBL连接件在有、无贯通钢筋两种形式下的疲劳破坏模式,及受剪承载力、剪力-滑移关系受疲劳荷载的影响。通过建立单孔PBL连接件的损伤指标考察其疲劳损伤规律。试验结果表明：无贯通钢筋的PBL剪力连接件的疲劳损伤指标随循环加卸载逐渐趋于稳定,难以发生疲劳破坏;设置贯通钢筋的PBL剪力连接件的疲劳损伤表现为贯通钢筋断裂,PBL剪力连接件的疲劳损伤速度先慢后快,平均残余变形随疲劳荷载循环单调递增,其变化规律符合二次抛物线形式。