2002～2003年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2002年7月-2003年6月国外塑料工业的相关期刊资料，介绍了2002年-2003年国外塑料工业的发展情况，提供了世界各大地区塑料的产量、增长率及所占份额，美国、德国、日本、韩国、法国、比利时、中国台湾、加拿大、巴西、西班牙等国家和地区的树脂产量及消费量，各国、各地区塑料原材料的产量、进出口量、国内消费量及人均消费量，以及日本的塑料原材料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)的品种顺序．对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等有关技术作了详细的介绍。     

Preadhesion Laser Surface Treatment of Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK Composite

An excimer UV laser (193 nm) was used for preadhesion surface treatment of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) composite. This method presented an alternative to other limited and polluting conventional surface treatment methods. Experimental results indicated that laser preadhesion treatment significantly improved the shear and tensile adhesion strength of structural epoxy FM 300 2K bonded PEEK composite adherends compared with untreated and SiC blasted substrates. Best results were obtained with laser energies of 0.18 or 1 J/P cm.² Shear strength of laser-treated joints was improved by 450% compared with that of untreated PEEK composite and by 200% compared with SiC-blasted pretreatment at ambient and at extreme temperatures. An order of magnitude of improvement was found in the tensile strength-of laser-treated PEEK composite in a sandwich structure compared with non-treated or abraded sandwich joints. The mode of failure changed from adhesive to cohesive as the number of pulses or laser energy increased during treatment. The latter phenomenon was correlated with surface cleaning as revealed by XPS, with morphology changes as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, and by chemical modification as indicated by FTIR and XPS. The bulk of the PEEK composite adherend was not damaged by the laser irradiation during treatment as indicated by the identical flexural strength before and after laser treatment. It can be concluded that the excimer laser has a potential as a precise, clean and simple preadhesion surface treatment for PEEK composite.     

短碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮内接骨板应用于断骨修复过程的有限元模拟

聚醚醚酮(PEEK)作为内植入材料,具有优良的生物相容性、力学性能和透X光等特点。在国外,用该材料制成的商业化产品,包括椎间融合器、牙冠和心脏瓣膜等,已经得到FDA认可。该材料经过纤维等手段增强后,性能可以任意调整到和植入部位组织或骨力学性能匹配,能制作出所需要的植入件。它有望取代骨科金属材料,成为内植入件的主流材料。在先期完成短碳纤维增强PEEK复合材料内接骨板制备和性能测量的基础上,本文选用具有代表性的不同弹性模量的4种骨板(不锈钢骨板、Ti6A14V骨板、碳/羟磷灰石骨板、C/PEEK骨板),采用有限元软件建立正常骨-骨板-断骨三维有限元模型,对骨修复过程中的3个阶段(断骨修复程度1%、50%、75%)分别进行模拟。结果表明:4种内接骨板在断骨处都会产生应力遮挡的现象。随着骨板弹性模量的增大,紧贴骨板下断骨中应力遮挡率越大,有骨板处和其对面没有骨板处应力遮挡率相差变大,没有骨板处断骨最大应变越大,且该处断骨层出现变薄的现象;在螺钉上产生的最大应力也增大,应力集中更明显,骨板内应力集中也越明显,C/PEEK骨板能明显地降低应力屏蔽。     

生理盐水润滑下PEEK/WK复合材料的摩擦学性能

为研究生理盐水润滑条件下碳酸钙晶须含量、载荷大小、滑动速度因素对PEEK/CaCO3复合材料摩擦学性能的影响规律,并考察复合材料的摩擦学稳定性,在自制改性偶联剂处理晶须表面的基础上制备了PEEK/CaCO3复合材料,利用MMW1A立式万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合材料的摩擦学性能进行测试,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对磨损表面形貌进行扫描分析表征。结果表明,晶须含量对复合材料摩擦学性能影响明显,在0.9%的生理盐水润滑条件下PEEK/CaCO3复合材料随着晶须含量的增加,摩擦因数及比磨损率均呈现先减小后增大现象;当晶须质量分数为15%左右时,复合材料的摩擦因数达到最低值,同时比磨损量相对最低,复合材料与摩擦副的磨合过程相对平稳,具有较好的摩擦学性能,表现为粘着腐蚀磨损特征。外加载荷、滑动速度增大,材料的摩擦因数增大,比磨损率增加。     

Polymer Film Heat Transfer Surfaces in Seawater Desalination: Fouling Layer Formation and Technology

The emerging polyether ether ketone (PEEK) films were evaluated as future heat exchanger materials in seawater thermal desalination processes. Fouling resistance curves were measured in a pilot plant for pure PEEK films, talcum-filled PEEK films, and stainless-steel films with artificial seawater, showing that pure PEEK films have the advantage of weaker forces of adhesion or cohesion between the scaling materials and the film surface. Increasing the flow rate from 18 to 24 L min⁻¹ results in decreases of both the fouling rate and the asymptotic values. This was attributed to the lower polarity of 10.4 %, the lower arithmetic average roughness of 0.06 μm, and the homogeneous topography of the PEEK film. This polymer film is adaptable to in situ cleaning in thermal seawater desalination processes.     

PEEK复合材料的性能研究

对聚醚醚酮 (PEEK)两种复合材料的物理性能、机械性能和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试 ,并利用扫描电镜 (SEM)对其横断面和磨痕表面进行了分析。结果表明 ,灰色PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数为 0 18,比磨损率为 1 79× 10 -6mm3 /(N·m) ;黑色PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数为 0 2 1,比磨损率为 0 61× 10 -6mm3 /(N·m) ,两种复合材料主要受粘着磨损机制控制 ,并伴有热塑性流动磨损     

聚醚醚酮及其复合材料的特性与应用研究进展

介绍聚醚醚酮（PEEK）的发展概况，综述PEEK及其复合材料的物理力学性能、改性技术和成型工艺，着重评述PEEK的摩擦学特性及其耐磨机理，展望PEEK及其复合材料在机械、石油、化工等领域的应用前景。     

2001—2002年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2001年7月到2002年6月有关国外塑料工业的相关期刊资料，介绍了2001年到2002年国外塑料工业的发展情况，提供了世界各地域塑料原材料的产量及构成比，日本，美国，加拿大，德国，法国，比利时，墨西哥，芬兰，西班牙等国家的树脂产量，消费量及增长率，以及日本，西欧，北美等地区的不同品种塑料原料消费量和增长率统计，按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚苯乙烯，聚氯乙烯，ABS树脂），工程塑料（尼龙，聚碳酸酯，聚甲醛，热塑性聚酯，聚苯醚），通用热固性树脂（酚醛，聚氨酯，不饱和树脂，环氧树脂），特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚，液晶聚合物，聚醚醚酮）不同品种的顺序，对树脂的产量，消费量及合成工艺，产品应用开发，树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等有关技术作了详细的介绍。     

Photografting of argon plasma-treated graphite/PEEK laminate to enhance its adhesion

Graphite/PEEK laminates were treated by argon plasma followed by air aging and then photografting of α- glycidyl ω- acrylate bisphenol A(GABA) to improve their adhesion characteristics. The effects of plasma time and power and photografting time on the epoxy bonded single lap shear joints between graphite/PEEK laminates were investigated. An optimum photografting time was found at which the single lap shear strength was optimized to 37 MPa compared to 28 MPa and 7 MPa obtained with air-aged argon plasma activated and pristine samples, respectively. Argon plasma treatment followed by air aging of graphite/PEEK laminate introduces surface peroxides and hydroperoxides and these when cleaved with ultraviolet (UV) light in the presence of the GABA monomer results in covalent grafting of the latter to PEEK/graphite laminate surface. The epoxy functionality of the GABA monomer then reacts with the epoxy adhesive. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the appearance of surface peroxides and hydroperoxides on air-aged argon plasma treated samples and disappearance of the same with UV irradiation. With UV irradiation of the air-aged argon plasma treated samples, XPS indicates the appearance of ester groups. Without the grafting monomer, UV irradiation in air cleaves the peroxide and causes oxidation resulting in the formation of surface esters. In the presence of the grafting monomer, UV irradiation results in covalent bonding of the monomer to the peroxide/hydroperoxide through the acrylate functionality resulting in increased concentration of ether linkages as confirmed by our XPS data; the ester functionality present in the grafted monomer caused the appearance of the ester peak in the XPS spectrum.     

Solvent-resistant porous membranes using poly(ether−ether ketone): preparation and application

Poly(ether−ether ketone) (PEEK) is a linear aromatic macromolecule, which can form semi-crystalline aggregative status, allowing PEEK materials to have strong environment tolerance and excellent physicochemical properties. PEEK materials have become a promising alternative to fabricate particular membranes used in extreme conditions. In the past few decades, many researches and evolutions have emerged in membrane fabrication with PEEK materials and its applications for treating organic solvents and their mixtures; however, there are little systematic and comprehensive literature to summarize fabrication approaches, compile applications, and elaborate PEEK property-structure relationship. In this review, the main approaches to fabricate PEEK-based membranes are illustrated concretely, including conventional thermal-induced and non-solvent-induced phase separation, and novel chemical-induced crystallization; the representative applications in ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane contactor containing organic solvents are demonstrated systematically. Meanwhile, the mechanism to tune PEEK solubility in solvents, which can be achieved by altering monomers in synthesis processes or changing membrane preparation routes, is deeply analyzed. Moreover, the existing problems and the future prospects are also discussed. This review provides positive guidance for designing and fabricating membranes using PEEK and its derivative materials for task-specific applications in harsh conditions.