水下航行器电动舵机控制电路设计

介绍了一种美国TI公司的UC1637芯片和日本富士公司的6D130A-050功率模块构成的自主水下航行器舵机控制电路。实践证明．该舵机控制电路结构简单、性能可靠、控制效果良好。     

Freeze-fracturing for conventional and field emission low-temperature scanning electron microscopy: the scanning cryo unit SCU 020

A dedicated cryopreparation system, the SCU 020 (Balzers), is introduced and described in detail for use in low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). The basic unit consists of two parts: (i) a high-vacuum preparation chamber equipped with a cold-stage, motor-driven fracturing microtome, planar magnetron (PM) sputter source, quartz-crystal thin-film monitor, Meissner cold trap, and turbo molecular pump stand; and (ii) a second part (separated from the first by a sliding, high-vacuum valve) residing in the SEM chamber. This is equipped with an anti-contamination cold trap, a fully movable goniometer cold stage (having motor drives for x, y, and rotation) and replaces the SEM's original stage (Raith). The SCU 020 is entirely self contained allowing independence from, and synchroneity with, the SEM of choice. LTSEM micrographs of specimen (that are fully frozen hydrated or partially freeze-dried) surfaces or fracture faces, without or with various metal coatings, can be examined over a broad temperature range (-150 to +50°C). This is made possible by the combined application of the two, independently controlled, cold stages and the on-line, high-vacuum, specimen cryo transfer between them. In-situ etching is simple and straightforward. Intramembranous particles and membrane fracture steps, typically imaged in transmission electron microscopy (TEM), are resolved by PM sputtering with platinum at low specimen temperature and high-resolution LTSEM in a field emission microscope.     

FPGA-based test bed for measurement of AM/AM and AM/PM distortion and modeling memory effects in RF PAs

Using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) development board, a digital signal processor (DSP) builder, and the phase-to-amplitude conversion principle, a low-cost system for measuring the amplitude-to-amplitude (AM/AM) and amplitude-to-phase (AM/PM) distortion curves of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) is presented. The state of the art based on the measurements and preliminary studies of AM/AM and AM/PM distortion curves is discussed. A full digital control of the test bed simulated/emulated in Matlab/Simulink is introduced to recalculate the known AM/AM and AM/PM measurements stored as look-up table (LUT). Finally, the low-cost system comprises the memory polynomial model (MPM) that involves the nonlinearity order and memory effects of real PAs.     

模冲变形对多台阶粉末冶金件成形裂纹的影响研究

多台阶粉末冶金件常在成形阶段产生裂纹,造成这种裂纹的原因有很多,主要研究了模冲变形的影响。成形时不同模冲的弹性变形量不同,从而使多台阶粉末冶金件产生裂纹。简易模冲的变形量可以通过胡克定律计算;当模冲的结构较复杂时,可以通过Solid Works有限元分析进行模拟计算。在胡克定律指导下,通过更改成形工艺或者更改模具设计来减小模冲间的变形差异,多台阶粉末冶金件的成形裂纹得到改善。胡克定律对改善模冲变形导致的多台阶粉末冶金件成形裂纹有很好的指导意义,可以在设计阶段避免多台阶粉末冶金件裂纹产生。     

粉末冶金/热等静压(PMHIP)零件的生产工艺与设计准则

热等静压(HIP)经过几十年发展,现已成为一种用各种金属和/或陶瓷制造形状复杂的、高性能零件的,竞争性制造技术。这些零件现已用于许多对环境要求高的产业部门,例如:航空航天、近海油与气田、能源及医疗等。这篇评述主要讲述关于在金属包套中压制金属粉末的HIP工艺过程,即所谓的PM HIP零件的生产工艺、设计准则及其应用。     

Experimental Validation of Reaction Rate Distributions for a SVEA-96+ BWR Assembly with Hafnium Control Blades

The accurate estimation of reactor physics parameters related to the presence of cruciform absorber blades in boiling water reactors (BWRs) is important for safety assessment and for achieving flexible operation during the cycle. Characteristics that are affected significantly include distributions of the total fission (F_tot) and ²³⁸Ucapture (C₈) rates for controlled regions. Representative experimental investigations have been performed in the framework of the LWR-PROTEUS programme. In particular, the LWRPROTEUS I-2A experiments concerned the neutronics characterisation of a SVEA-96+ BWR assembly controlled with a hafnium (Hf) blade under full-density water moderation conditions. The current paper presents the comparisons of the measured F_tot and C₈ pin-wise distributions with a variety of stochastic and deterministic calculations: (a) MCNPX2.5 using recent nuclear data libraries (JEFF-3.1, ENDF/BVI. 8, and JENDL-3.3), (b) PHOENIX4 using ENDF/B-VI.3, (c) BOXER using JEF-1, (d) CASMO₄ using JEF-2.2, and (e) HELIOS1.6 using ENDF/B-VI.1. The calculation/experiment comparisons show standard deviations from 1.2% (MCNPX2.5) up to 1.9% (BOXER) for the prediction of the F_tot distribution, the highest individual discrepancy (7.6% with BOXER) being seen close to the “Hf-vertex.” The C₈ comparisons show systematically better agreement than those of F_tot, the lowest standard deviations being 1.0% (BOXER) and the highest only 1.4% (HELIOS). In addition, sensitivity studies highlight the greater importance of modelling aspects, compared with that of nuclear data libraries, for the achievement of satisfactory and validated F_tot and C₈ predictions.     

大气颗粒物及其组成研究进展(上)

颗粒物是空气中最重要的污染物之一,由于颗粒物表面的吸附作用,其组分非常复杂,其中含有多种有毒有害的化学成分,对大气环境造成不良影响,并危及人体健康。借助大气颗粒物及其组成成分的测定,通过污染源解析分析其来源及影响因素,控制大气颗粒物的排放,对于保证大气环境质量、改善人们的生存环境具有重大意义。本文对此进行综述。着重介绍大气颗粒物及其组成成分、源解析及测量技术的最新进展。     

Iron Loss Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motors Fed by PWM Inverter

Carrier harmonic losses that consist of iron loss, eddy current loss, and ac copper loss are produced in a permanent magnet machine driven by a PWM inverter. It is already known that a higher motor inductance can lead to lower carrier harmonic losses. This paper investigates the carrier harmonic loss composition of two motors with identical dimensions but different inductances. The results of finite element analysis (FEA) showed that the eddy current loss in the iron core accounts for most of the carrier harmonic loss. It is also shown that the carrier harmonic loss of the iron core is quantifiable using theoretical calculations.     

制造零件用的铬钢粉

作为一种合金化元素,铬由于价格低廉、淬透性高及可重复利用,具有重要意义。近年来,预合金化铬粉由于价格低容易得到,用途在增多。总的生产成本低这是将零件从钢材转为粉末冶金材料的驱动力。通过采用预合金化铬材料,和常规钢零件相比,粉末冶金产业将进一步增加其市场的份额。这篇论文考察了二种预合金化铬铁粉,一是用于高强度应用的含3%Cr与0.5%Mo的Astaloy CrM,另外一种是用于中等强度应用的含1.5%Cr与0.2%Mo的Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo。说明了上述材料在含碳量为0.2%～0.8%范围的力学性能。     

FYT300汽流纺配套电机改型设计

原与汽流纺机配套的KX132电机现由FYT300永磁同步电动机替代。这是一种特殊的切向转子结构永磁电机,文章对它的附加转矩和牵入转矩等性能指标作详细的探讨。替代后电机的效率和功率因素大幅提高,并提高了纺纱的产品质量和生产效率。