Mesh‐independent p‐orthotropic enrichment using the generalized finite element method

This paper is aimed at presenting a simple yet effective procedure to implement a mesh‐independent p‐orthotropic enrichment in the generalized finite element method. The procedure is based on the observation that shape functions used in the GFEM can be constructed from polynomials defined in any co‐ordinate system regardless of the underlying mesh or type of element used. Numerical examples where the solution possesses boundary or internal layers are solved on coarse tetrahedral meshes with isotropic and the proposed p‐orthotropic enrichment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Partitioning multiple objective optimal solutions with applications in radiotherapy design

The optimal partition for linear programming is induced by any strictly complementary solution, and this partition is important because it characterizes the optimal set. However, constructing a strictly complementary solution in the presence of degeneracy was not practical until interior point algorithms became viable alternatives to the simplex algorithm. We develop analogs of the optimal partition for linear programming in the case of multiple objectives and show that these new partitions provide insight into the optimal set (both pareto optimality and lexicographic ordering are considered). Techniques to produce these optimal partitions are provided, and examples from the design of radiotherapy plans show that these new partitions are useful. A. Holder. Research conducted at Trinity University, TX, and The University of Mississippi, MS. This research was partially supported by ONR Grant N00014-01-1-0917.     

Solubilization of unilamellar liposomes by betaine-type zwitterionic/anionic surfactant systems

The mechanisms governing the solubilizing interactions between zwitterionic/anionic mixed surfactant systems at different molar fractions of the zwitterionic surfactant (X_zwitter) and neutral or electrically charged unilamellar liposomes were investigated. The mixed systems were formed by N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylbetaine and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of piperazine-1,4-bis-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 7.20. Unilamellar liposomes formed by egg phosphatidylcholine, in some cases together with stearylamine or phosphatidic acid, were used. Solubilization was detected as a decrease in static light-scattering of liposomes. Two parameters were regarded as corresponding to the effective surfactant/lipid molar ratios (Re) at which the surfactant system (i) saturated the liposomes, Re_sat, and (ii) led to a total solubilization of liposomes, Re_sol. From these parameters the bilayer/aqueous medium surfactant partition coefficients for the saturation (K_sat) and complete bilayer solubilization (K_sol) were determined. When X_zwitter was 0.40, The Re and K parameters showed a maximum, whereas the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of these systems exhibited a minimum, regardless of the electrical charge of bilayers. Given that the ability of the surfactant systems to saturate or solubilize liposomes is inversely related to the Re_sat and Re_sol parameters, these capacities appear to be directly correlated with the CMC of the mixed systems. The similarity of both K_sat and K_sol (particularly for X_zwitter=0.2–0.8) suggests that a similar partition equilibrium governs both the saturation and the complete solubilization of bilayers, the free surfactant concentration (S_a,S_b), remaining almost constant with similar values to the CMC for each mixed system studied.     

多分辨率点状地标实时渲染研究

大规模点状地标的高性能实时渲染是地理信息系统和计算机图形技术面临的一项具有挑战性的难题。采用多分辨率的技术是解决上述问题的有效方法,其本质是通过动态控制显示的规模获得最佳的显示效果和性能。根据不同层次分辨率的点状地标的空间分布特点,提出一种基于空间分割和视点高度的显示规模控制方法,推导了帧时间计算公式,由此确定最佳空间分割尺寸。通过两个不同层次点状地标的空间分割和性能测试,给出了最佳空间分割尺寸,验证了基于空间分割的多分辨率点状地标渲染方法的正确性和有效性。     

P2P网络中的超级节点选取算法研究

P2P系统在构建覆盖网络时未考虑到与物理网络的结合,导致逻辑拓扑结构与物理拓扑结构严重不匹配问题,增加P2P相邻节点间的延迟。本文提出一种基于区域划分的超级节点选取机制,将P2P网络中的节点按照物理位置划分成若干区域,保证区域内节点在物理位置上是相近的。利用MATLAB进行仿真实验,仿真实验表明使用这种机制能降低半分布式P2P网络的信息检索延迟,有效地提高检索的效率,并且具有较好的可扩展性。     

一种空间信息网络缓存决策策略

针对空间信息网络（space information network,SIN）中卫星节点缓存容量有限,且卫星高速移动使得星间链路时变,导致地面用户内容访问延迟增大的问题,提出一种基于人工蜂群算法的空间信息网络缓存决策策略（satellite improved artificial bee colony,SIABC）。首先根据低轨卫星节点链路切换的周期性和可预知性,建立网络分区模型,对空间信息网络的卫星节点进行分区,在此基础上,建立区域节点协作缓存模型,使得整个网络区域内的卫星节点有选择性地缓存不同流行度的内容,同时兼顾区域内节点的协作缓存,从而流行度高的内容缓存在网络边缘。仿真结果表明,与现有缓存机制相比,该缓存策略能够明显提高内容的平均缓存命中率,并显著降低用户的内容访问时延。     

Study on Surface Engineering of Normalized Steels Subjected To Machine

Engineering the surfaces of components to improve the life and performance of parts used in automotive and aerospace engineering is the active area of research. Suitable Thermal/Mechanical/Thermo mechanical surface engineering treatments will produce extensive rearrangement of atoms in metals and alloys and corresponding marked variations in Physical, Chemical and Mechanical properties. Among the more important of these treatments are heat treatment processes such as hardening by Quenching, Induction hardening and Case Carburizing which rely on phase transformations to produce desired changes in mechanical properties. Other processes where phase transformation occur are casting, welding and machining etc. [1] Phase transformation may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous involves rearrangements in the structure of the material taking place simultaneously in all parts of the solid, while the heterogeneous transformation involves structural changes which are more localized. Alternatively they could be called as Isothermal and Nonisothermal transformation. But irrespective of the classification, these transformations alter the structure of the material giving rise to changes in the mechanical and physical properties of the processed material. It is of interest to review some consequences of surface modification in isothermal (Normalizing) and nonisothermal transformations (Machining) of low carbon steels.     

针对无网格并行计算的基于模糊均值聚类的分区方法*

针对国际上普遍采用的基于回归几何二分的分区方法的缺陷,提出了基于模糊均值聚类的均匀模糊均值聚类分区算法。采用该方法对不同类型的无网格几何模型进行了分区,并根据分区信息对三维实体模型进行了并行计算。通过与基于回归几何二分法的比较,充分验证该算法的有效性和可行性。     

Al-Si-Mg三元合金的溶质分凝及其对凝固过程的影响

从热力学角度分析了三元合金凝固过程中的溶质分凝行为, 利用耦合热力学计算技术研究了Al-Si-Mg三元合金溶质分凝因数在凝固过程中的变化规律, 获得了其与固相体积分数的定量关系, 进而预测了不同条件下Al-Si-Mg三元合金的凝固过程和相析出规律. 实验发现三元合金中溶质分凝因数在凝固过程变化巨大, 采用二元系中的参数使得对共晶种类和共晶分数的预测均与实验值有较大偏差. 采用耦合热力学计算技术, 获得了分凝因数在凝固过程中的变化规律, 使预测值更好地吻合于实验结果.     

冲压成形仿真过程中有限元网格模型的建立

网格模型对冲压成形模拟的精度和效率影响极大 ,文中阐述了有限元网格模型建立的方法 ,并从单元尺寸、单元类型、自适应网格再划分技术等方面论述了如何解决精度与效率的问题。