从城市公共设施的现状谈设计计划

城市公共设施在国外也称之为城市家具,是展现城市风格和形象的重要窗口。存在于城市的公共空间,为市民、游客提供休憩、遮阳避雨、在城市结构中指明方向、规范引导人们的行为等功能,从而提高城市效率、美化城市环境景观,培养人的审美意识、营造一个亲和、有序和谐的氛围。目前,国内许多城市公共设施的现状在使用效率、合理性、统一性以及和环境的协调性等方面都不尽如人意,设施欠缺人性化的问题尤为突出的,究其原因,没有制定详尽的"设计计划"作为设计的依据和基础是问题存在的根本。     

使用后评估（POE）理论及案例研究——清华大学美术学院教学楼评价性后评估

使用后评估（post-ocupancy evaluation）是依据建筑性能标准对建筑环境进行评价与分析的操作。后评估以建筑使用者及其需求作为评价标准和依据，以期从评价中获取信息和经验为未来创造更好的建筑提供有益的借鉴。就当今建筑设计实践的全过程而言，使用后评估是建筑设计程序中的又一个重要的因素, 它的操作和研究使建成环境和设施更加完善，使建筑设计更加科学和合理。使用后评估分为三个层次，它们是指示性后评估、评价性后评估和诊断性后评估。本文通过对使用后评估理论的梳理，针对清华大学美术学院教学楼进行后评估，将后评估理论进行了实际程序的操作，为我国建筑环境后评估提供了案例研究。     

Use of nanoparticles to make mineral oil lubricants feasible for use in a residential air conditioner employing hydro-fluorocarbons refrigerants

The application of nano-fluids in refrigerating systems is considered to be a potential way to improve the energy efficiency and reliability of HVAC&R facilities and to make economic the use of environment-friendly refrigerants. In this paper, we report a method that uses nanoparticles to enhance the energy efficiency of retrofitted residential air conditioners (RAC) employing HFCs as alternative refrigerants. The reliability and performance of RAC with nanoparticles in the working fluid have been investigated experimentally. A new mineral-based nano-refrigeration oil (MNRO), formed by blending some nanoparticles (NiFe₂O₄) into naphthene based oil B32, was employed in the RAC using R410a as refrigerant. A method showing how to disperse the NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in the mineral oil refrigeration lubricants is presented together with an investigation of their stability. The solubilities of the new MNRO in R134a, R407C, R410a and R425a were measured. The performances of the RAC, such as the cooling/heating capacity, the power input and the energy efficiency ratio, were determined. The results indicate that the mixture of R410a/MNRO works normally in the RAC. The cooling/heating EER of the RAC increased about 6% by replacing the Polyol-Easter oil VG 32 lubricant with MNRO.     

超韧尼龙11合金的力学性能和相态研究

研究了尼龙11和POE的共混物，制备了不同的马来酸酐接枝率的尼龙11／POE－g－MAH和尼龙11／POE／POE－g-MAH共混物，研究了共混物的力学性能和相态。结果表明，引入POE－g-MAH能够提高相容性和共混物的韧性，并且马来酸酐接枝率越高效果越为明显，与此同时，拉伸强度却降低得很少。     

基于POE的城市改造式开放公园提升对策初探

通过运用POE的相关方法,对哈尔滨市尚志公园进行了调研分析,总结了公园存在的问题,并在主题、规划、交通、设施等方面提出针对性的对策,以期为哈尔滨市开放式公园的提升改造提供有力的依据条件。     

高韧高强PA6/POE-g-MAH/MWNTs三元复合材料研究

研究了聚乙烯-辛烯弹性体接枝马来酸(POE-g-MAH)和多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)对尼龙6(PA6)的增韧增强作用。结果表明,对MWNTs酸化处理可在表面成功接枝上羧酸基团,并与PA6上的酰胺基团化学键合,提高MWNTs在PA6基体中的分散性,增加界面结合力,更好地承受载荷,可对PA6/POE-gAMAH共混增韧材料产生良好的增强效果。PA6/POE-g-AMAH/a-MWNTs(质量比为70/30/1)三元共混材料在保持纯PA6拉伸强度和弯曲强度的同时,冲击强度比纯PA6提高了6倍,是一种理想的高强高韧工程塑料。     

焦作市高校新校区学生宿舍使用状况调查研究

本文以河南省焦作市高校新校区学生宿舍进行研究,从使用角度出发,采用实地调研、访谈、系统观察、以及图像记录等方法,通过对学生宿舍建筑布局、建筑造型特征和建筑平面布局等分析,指出其设计中存在的不足之处.对高校新校区学生宿舍建成后的使用状况进行了客观评价,对今后高校学生的宿舍建设提供了一定依据.     

POE理论在快速公交枢纽站设计中的应用初探——以厦门快速公交第一码头站为例

本文以厦门快速公交第一码头枢纽站为例,运用POE理论,通过现场调研和数据分析,对其周边环境空间、建筑主体空间和交通流线进行建成环境使用后评估,以期对相关的枢纽站设计提供借鉴和参考。     

Nucleating agent induced impact fracture behavior change in PP/POE blend

This work was focused on the impact fracture behavior of polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer (PP/POE) blends with and without nucleating agent (NA). The crystallization morphologies of injection-molded-bar were analyzed by polarization optical microscope and the impact-fractured surface morphologies were characterized carefully through scanning electronic microscope. Our results show that the addition of 0.2 wt% α/or β-NA induces the great decrease of spherulites diameters companioned with the dramatically enhancement of PP/POE blend toughness. Virgin PP shows the typical brittle-fractured characteristic during the whole fracture process. PP/POE shows the less-ductile fracture feature with multiple-craze formation. The addition of NA into PP/POE blend changes the fractured surface feature from predominantly multiple-craze to predominantly shear yielding or shear yielding involving materials cavitations and second-crack re-initiation, respectively, indicating the change from brittle-like fracture mode to ductile fracture mode. The transformation of β → α during the impact process for β-NA nucleated samples has been observed; however, such transformation is suppressed by the presence of POE.     

R32及其常用两种润滑油POE和PVE物性计算模型

准确计算制冷剂和润滑油的物性是压缩机优化设计的基础。本文根据已知数据,通过显式拟合法,给出了在常见范围内制冷剂R32饱和液体、饱和气体、过热气体及POE和PVE润滑油的热物性计算模型,并比较分析了这些物质的物性的特点。模型对物性参数的计算值与已知数据的偏差均在5%以内,为R32与POE或PVE混合物物性计算奠定了基础。本文提出的计算模型简单、可靠,可使模拟计算时间更短、精度更高。