超滤膜的改性研究及应用

随着超滤膜技术的发展，人们对超滤膜提出了各种各样的特性要求，其中解决膜表面的污染问题变得越来越紧迫．超滤膜改性，尤其是在膜表面引入亲水性基团是解决问题的关键．本文从这点出发，结合自身的工作，总结了近年高分子超滤膜改性方面的研究进展，包括表面活性剂在膜表面的吸附改性、等离子体改性、辐照改性、高分子合金和表面化学反应等几种改性方法．     

稠油注汽井用高温调剖封窜剂的研制与应用

随着单井蒸汽吞吐周期的增加，加剧了油层纵向和平面上的非均质性。汽驱井组油层存在高渗透带或孔道，注入蒸汽上升，从稠油顶部跨越，会出现越顶现象，造成提早汽窜，注蒸汽驱的波及效率进一步降低。针对此问题，开发了稠油注汽井用高温调剖封窜剂。室内研究结果表明，研制的高温调副封窜剂HD、HT具有较好的高温成胶性能和强度。现场应用孤东油田的9口井，有效8口，有效率88．9％，累计增油726．8t。     

Prediction of the effects on dynamic response due to distributed structural modification with additional degrees of freedom

The aim of this study is to investigate means of efficiently assessing the effects of distributed structural modification on the dynamic properties of a complex structure. The dynamic properties of the modified structure can be determined by experimental testing or numerical simulation, both of which are complex, expensive and time-consuming. Assuming that the original dynamic characteristics are already established and that the modification is a relatively simple attachment, the modified dynamic properties may be determined numerically without solving the equations of motion of the full-modified structure. The frequency response functions (FRFs) of the modified structure can be computed by coupling the original FRFs and a delta dynamic stiffness matrix for the modification introduced. The validity of this approach is investigated by applying it to a cantilever beam to which a smaller beam is attached as modification. The original FRFs were obtained experimentally as well as numerically. The delta dynamic stiffness matrix was determined numerically by modeling the attachment and part of the original structure including the attachment points. The FRFs of the modified beam were then computed. Good agreement is obtained by comparing the results to the FRFs of the modified beam determined experimentally as well as by numerical modeling of the complete modified structure.     

用粉体表面改性技术制备拒水粉

拒水粉是一种新型建筑防水材料，被称之为神奇的粉末。本文就如何利用粉体表面改性技术制备拒水粉，从理论上和具体的实验方法上作了详尽的说明。     

Synthesis of poly(4-methylstyrene)- graft-poly(ethylene oxide)s and application as polymeric dispersant in coal-water mixture

Poly(4-methylstyrene)-graft-poly(ethylene oxide)s were prepared via polymerisation of ethylene oxide on to poly(4-methylstyrene)s functionalised with hydroxyl groups. In this way, many ‘comb-like’ polymers having different hydrophobic backbone length, hydrophilic branch length and frequency of branches were synthesised. These polymers were tested as dispersants in coal-water mixtures in order to correlate the dispersing properties of this class of polymers with the investigated parameters.     

贵定露天石灰石矿不稳定边坡的治理

着重讨论了贵定石灰石矿边坡１２２０～１１８０ｍ水平在Ｉ号剖面左右深层不稳定地段的边坡治理方案。推荐方案强调多台阶同时回采，以推迟靠帮，进而推迟可能的表层滑坡治理。还讨论了护坡矿壁回收及该矿其他不稳定地段边坡治理等问题。     

APPLICATION OF A COMMERCIAL ENZYME PREPARATION IN THE BARLEY MALTING PROCESS

This paper presents data on barley micromalting with addition of the CELLUCLAST enzyme complex. This is a commercial, multicarbohydrase with distinct β-glucanase and proteinase activities. The enzyme was added to steeping and germination phases, in different quantities (0.05%; 0.75% and 0.1% of initial barley). The enzyme was added to different malting phases: to the 2nd and 3rd steep water, at the beginning of germination on the 1st day by spraying, on the 2nd day of germination and in combination of addition to 3rd steeping water and in germination start (50% of total quantity of each). CELLUCLAST enzyme had a significant effect on reduction of wort viscosity, extract difference, wort filterability and protein breakdown, depending on the quantity of added enzyme and the malting phase to which it was added. There was no negative effect on other malt quality parameters. The best values of cytolytic breakdown parameters (viscosity, extract difference, filtration rate) were obtained with addition of 0.075% of CELLUCLAST, on the first day of germination.     

蒙脱土-有机硅复合改性硅烷化聚氨酯密封胶

采用2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、蒙脱土、有机硅(α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷)和硅烷偶联剂为原料,制备了有机蒙脱土/聚醚多元醇复合物(OMMT/330N)-有机硅复合改性的硅烷化聚氨酯(SPU)密封胶。通过广角X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱手段表征了蒙脱土在复合材料中的分散情况,表征结果显示,有机蒙脱土以平均层间距不小于4.12nm的宽分布分散在SPU基体中。同时对密封胶的力学性能进行测试,测试结果表明,经OMMT/330N-有机硅复合改性的SPU密封胶具有性能互补效果,当添加质量分数为5%(基于330N)的OMMT和8%的有机硅时,复合改性的SPU密封胶的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比纯SPU密封胶提高了65.8%和71.6%。     

超细分子筛材料的合成与应用研究进展

综述了近几年超细分子筛的合成与应用方面的研究进展,重点介绍了几种常用且研究较多的分子筛,主要包括Y,ZSM-5,β,Silicalite-1,ZSM-35,MCM-22等分子筛。对超细分子筛的合成方法及其在石化、环保和生物等领域的应用进行了介绍,并对分子筛复合材料的研究及应用的最新动态进行了评述,说明超细分子筛材料的应用领域仍在不断拓宽,超细分子筛复合材料的研究将会成为分子筛材料领域未来的重要发展方向。     

Partial or total silylation of dextran with hexamethyldisilazane

The silylation reaction of dextran with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in DMSO was studied as the first step of the synthesis of new amphiphilic polyester-grafted dextrans. According to the experimental conditions, i.e. dextran molar weight, medium temperature and reaction time, HMDS/OH ratio, addition of a catalyst and co-solvent, partially or totally silylated dextrans were recovered. The highest silylation yields were obtained with the lowest molecular weight dextrans. The increase in temperature medium and/or reaction time, the presence of catalyst or co-solvent favored the protection yield. Whatever the dextran used, complete silylation of the polysaccharide chain could be achieved by adequate selection of the experimental conditions. The thermal properties of resulting silylated polysaccharides were investigated by temperature modulated DSC. It was observed that T_g values of partially silylated dextran were maintained between 120 and 140 °C, independently of the dextran molecular weight. Interestingly, DMSO proved to behave as an efficient plasticizer of (partially) silylated dextrans. The partially silylated dextrans were efficiently used as multifunctional macroinitiators for the controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactone. The ROP was then promoted from the remaining hydroxyl groups in the presence of tin or aluminium activator. After polymerization and ultimate deprotection of the silylated dextran backbone, amphiphilic polyester-grafted dextrans were readily recovered.