一种适合于机器人仿生皮肤传感器的性能研究

本文分析了聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）制作具有触觉、 滑觉、温觉的仿生皮肤传感器的结构,研究其压电特性,建立仿生皮肤的分析模型。     

A shoe-equipped piezoelectric transducer system based on PVDF film

Many piezoelectric transducers mounted in shoes have been conducted to harvest energy from walking. However, the energy harvested is influenced by some factors, such as the structure of piezoelectric transducer, piezoelectric material and so forth. Taking into account these factors, a wide-band energy harvester-shoe equipped piezoelectric transducer with cantilever beam structure based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film is designed and examined in this paper. The piezoelectric transducer makes little difference in the sensation with the device mounted in the shoes when walking. The harvester can provide a maximum output power of 0.48 mW at the load resistance of 300 kΩ. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to scavenge energy from human motion by piezoelectric harvester to power wearable sensors, such as pedometer, respiration and pulse monitoring system and so on.     

低声阻抗0—3型PZT/PT/PVDF压电复合材料的研制

压电陶瓷材料的高声阻抗制约着其在水听器和超声成像方面的应用。为了对压电陶瓷材料的声阻抗和声速进行调节,本研究以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)及钛酸铅(PT)和锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电陶瓷粉体为原料,经过流延、热压等工艺制得了4种含有不同量PT及PZT的0—3型PZT/PT/PVDF压电复合材料。研究了所制压电复合材料的声学、压电和介电性能。结果表明:所制压电复合材料的声阻抗均小于140 MPa.s/m,最优压电应变常数d33达43 pC/N,相对介电常数为185～210,介质损耗约为2×10–2。     

基于PVDF双发电系统的研究

为了响应国家节能减排新政策,设计了一种新型、环保节能的压力发电系统,基于材料的压电效应,利用运动压力和空气压力双作用于压电材料PVDF便可快捷地产生电动势,实现发电效果。系统可以同时进行两部分发电,所捕获的振动能量通过电网集中收集,再通过超低输入升压电路进行升压,以达到储能电路的最低工作电压,从而通过储能电路收集储存电能,实现发电。整个发电系统主要由运动压力发电部分、压缩空气发电部分、升压及储能电路部分三大部分组成。     

Low voltage bipolar resistive switching in self-assembled PVDF nanodot network in capacitor like structures on Au/Cr/Si with Hg as a top electrode

In this letter, resistive switching phenomena in self-assembled nanodot network of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer in a capacitor geometry of Hg/PVDF/Au/Cr/Si is investigated. A stable & bipolar resistive switching with a set voltage ranging from 0.35 V to 0.9 V & reset voltage with a range of −0.08 V to −0.25 V is detected. A practical resistance ratio between HRS and LRS of 10–25 may have great potential in organic memories. Possible mechanism for the bipolar switching is discussed with the filament type conduction mechanism. Furthermore, the low voltage switching is elucidated with the high current density associated filament formation and it is explicated using the parallel resistor model.     

Structural modifications in stretch-induced crystallization in PVDF films as measured by small-angle X-ray scattering

The nanostructure of stretched and nonstretched PVDF samples was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The crystallinity of the samples was determined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and crystalline phases by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanostructure can be described by a lamellar stacking of crystalline and amorphous layers, with a fairly well defined long period D and a diffuse-boundary in the interface between the crystalline and amorphous phases. The crystallinity of the stretched sample was found to be greater than that of the nonstretched sample. The long period D and the thicknesses of the crystalline lamellae T_c were found to be greater in the stretched sample than those in the nonstretched sample. The thickness of the diffuse-boundary was evaluated as being ∼ 1.4 nm in the nonstretched sample and 1.1 nm in the stretched sample. It was concluded that the growth of the thickness of the crystalline layer induced by the stretching process (stretch-induced crystallization) occurs partially at expense of the diffuse boundary and also by the coarsening of the structure with the stretching process, because of the diminution in the surface area to volume ratio observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

A Wearable Respiration and Pulse Monitoring System Based on PVDF Piezoelectric Film

A novel wearable sensor system was developed for monitoring respiration and pulse using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric films as sensor materials. Due to the different signal intensity between respiration and pulse, a “double-sided arch” structure and a “thin-shell” structure were designed and fabricated as substrates for the respiratory sensor and pulse sensor, respectively. These sensors installed on belts can be easily tied on the chest, abdomen, or wrist for comfortable fit. In order to obtain clear respiratory and pulse signals from the sensor patch, some high-quality signal processing modules were designed. The digital signals were transmitted to a computer via Bluetooth and displayed by LabVIEW software. The fundamental principle and functional verification of the developed sensor system were described in this study. By comparing the sensor signals from the proposed structure with those of flat structure, it can be concluded that the proposed sensor is more sensitive and stable than its flat counterpart. In addition, the whole sensor system has the features of ease of use and comfortable to wear. All these make the proposed sensor system a promising sensing device for respiration and pulse real time monitoring.     

A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy

There is a growing interest in donkey's milk as food for sensitive consumers, such as infants with cow's milk protein allergy and elderly people. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey on the dairy donkeys farming in Piedmont, Italy. The research was conducted in order to analyze the farm characteristics as well as the chemical and microbiological quality of milk. All the farms were small-sized, family-run, and, in most cases, animals were farmed semi-extensively. The donkey milk from Piedmont farms was characterized by a protein content around 1.5 g/100 mL and a fat content lower than 0.1 g/100 mL. Lysozyme activity was considerably higher than that reported in raw cow milk. The milk microbiological profile greatly differed among the farms. Milk sampled in the farm that performed hand milking showed total viable counts significantly lower than milk collected in the farms equipped with automatic milking. Samples were tested for several pathogens and negative results were observed, except for the detection of Bacillus cereus in one sample. The survey provided useful data for the laying down of recent regional regulation for the production and commercialization of donkey's milk. The results of the survey indicate that further research is needed in order to define the best management and nutritional strategies for the improvement of the quali-quantitative production of dairy donkeys.     

氧原子辐射作用下PVDF/POSS纳米复合材料的腐蚀损伤模拟

POSS材料掺杂到PVDF材料中能有效提高PVDF材料的抗氧化性能,同时不影响其高比强度和高比模量。由于实验室环境难以模拟空间环境氧原子对PVDF/POSS纳米复合材料的辐射作用,采用LLAMMPS软件模拟PVDF与PVDF/POSS两种材料在氧原子辐射作用下的腐蚀损伤行为。结果表明:POSS能有效提高材料的抗氧化性能,模拟结果合理科学,可有效指导空间环境中PVDF/POSS材料腐蚀损伤行为的研究。