菱角壳黄酮提取物抑菌活性评价及对冷鲜鸭肉中假单胞菌生长特性的影响

为探究菱角壳黄酮提取物的抑菌能力及其对冷鲜鸭肉中假单胞菌生长特性的影响,采用抑菌圈法、MIC值测定和液体中生长曲线来评价其对食品中常见微生物生长的抑制作用,建立假单胞菌经浓度为2.5 mg/mL的黄酮纯化物处理后的鸭肉基质中的一级生长预测模型。结果表明:菱角壳黄酮提取物对假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑制作用,其中黄酮纯化物对假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果更好,抑菌圈直径分别为(47.01±0.43)、(45.06±0.35) mm;菱角壳黄酮提取物对热杀索丝菌有一定的抑制效果,对大肠杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌无抑菌效果。菱角壳黄酮粗提物和纯化物对假单胞菌的MIC值均为3.125 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为12.000和3.125 mg/mL。采用对供试菌抑菌效果最好的菱角壳黄酮纯化物浓度(2.5 mg/mL)处理鸭肉,在不同温度下储藏,发现与10、15和20 ℃相比,0和5 ℃可将冷鲜鸭肉的货架期延长至8 d以上,并且通过建立假单胞菌在经浓度为2.5 mg/mL的菱角壳黄酮纯化物处理后的鸭肉基质中的一级模型可知,在0~15 ℃储藏时,菱角壳黄酮提取物作为保鲜剂的抑菌效果较好,能够有效延长食品保质期,但随温度升高,其抑菌能力逐渐减弱,这为菱角壳开发为天然抑菌剂提供了理论基础。     

水源水中2-MIB降解菌的筛选

针对特定水处理工艺,研究了投加2-MIB前后水中微生物种群的变化,建立了筛选分离2-MIB降解菌的方法.以生物膜生长成熟的活性炭连续处理含有较高浓度2-MIB水样,然后从活性炭表面取样,用2-MIB为惟一碳源的无机盐培养基筛选和驯养,最后进行划线分离,成功得到2-MIB降解菌种.通过16SrRNA分析,该菌株属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas spp.).     

基于假单胞菌生长模型预测冷却牛肉的货架期

假单胞菌（Pseudomonas spp.）的生长繁殖是影响冷却牛肉货架期的重要因素。为确定假单胞菌为冷却牛肉的特定腐败菌并建立其货架期预测模型,将屠宰后的冷却牛肉4 ℃贮藏,测定了假单胞菌数量与菌落总数、挥发性氨基氮（TVBN）值、颜色明度值（L*）及感官评定分值等品质指标,并确定了冷却牛肉的假单胞菌腐败限控量。将冷却牛肉分别置于0 ℃、5 ℃、10 ℃、15 ℃、20 ℃和25 ℃条件下进行假单胞菌计数,建立Gompertz方程的初级生长模型和二级模型,并进行了模型的验证,建立了货架期预测模型。研究表明,Gompertz预测模型能有效预测4～25 ℃条件下假单胞菌在冷却牛肉中的生长情况,在0 ℃、5 ℃和10 ℃温度条件下,对牛肉货架期进行验证,与实际货架期相比偏差＜1 d,表明货架期预测模型适用。     

乳酸钠对铜绿假单胞菌生长的影响

为探讨乳酸钠对铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)的特定抑制作用,揭示乳酸钠质量浓度与介质pH值水平影响乳酸钠抑菌效果的规律,以营养肉汤培养基为介质,按照乳酸钠质量浓度(0、0.2、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0g/100mL)单因素试验及乳酸质量浓度与介质pH值(4.0～6.2)的两因素交互试验设计,25℃恒温培养。结果表明：在适当的pH值范围内,乳酸钠(NaL)表现出良好的抑菌效果：当介质pH值小于NaL质量浓度的抑菌临界pH值时,NaL抑菌效果与其质量浓度成正比,介质pH4.8,抑菌效果2.0g/100mL NaL＞1.0g/100mL NaL＞0.5g/100mL NaL。NaL质量浓度一定,其抑菌效果与介质pH值成反比。     

某市包装饮用水铜绿假单胞菌污染状况分析

目的了解某市生产与流通环节中包装饮用水铜绿假单胞菌的污染状况,为其安全风险控制提供依据。方法采用GB 8538-2016铜绿假单胞菌检验方法,对某市2016~2017年生产与流通环节中的矿泉水(a)、纯净水(b)、其他包装饮用水(c)进行抽样监测与数据分析。结果共抽样228批次,铜绿假单胞菌检出率为12.3%,各类包装饮用水间的检出率差别有统计学意义(P0.05,Fisher’s Exact Test);矿泉水的检出率比纯净水高(P_(a-b)0.0125,Fisher’s Exact Test),矿泉水与其他包装饮用水、以及纯净水与其他包装饮用水检出率无明显差别(P_(a-c)0.0125、P_(b-c)0.0125,Fisher’s Exact Test)。各类包装饮用水铜绿假单胞菌分离株蓝/绿色素表型无明显差异(P0.05,Fisher’s Exact Test)。同时发现分离株对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢唑啉、头孢替坦、呋喃妥因、复方新诺明耐药(耐药率均为100%)。结论纯净水卫生状况相对矿泉水较好,但各类包装饮用水均发现铜绿假单胞菌污染及出现耐药株,应对包装饮用水产品加强生产管理、改进生产工艺,加强水资源监测与保护。     

Antibacterial Effect of Glucose Oxidase on Growth of Pseudomonas fragi as Related to pH

The effect of glucose oxidase (GOX) catalyzed reaction with glucose on Pseudomonas fragi was analyzed in nutrient broth and fish extract media. Growth of P. fiugi in nutrient broth was clearly suppressed by 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/mL glucose when combined with 0.5–2.0 U/mL GOX. The same GOX/glucose combinations inhibited P. frasi growth in fish extract media. Viable cell numbers in fish media showed clear growth inhibition with combinations of l.0–2.0 U/mL GOX and 8.0–16.0 mg/mL glucose. Higher GOX and glucose rapidly produced 2.0–2.5 unit decreases in pH, but produced enough gluconic acid to precipitate fish proteins. Use of 0.5 U/mL GOX in fish extract media resulted in slow, sustained activity with potential for inhibition of microbial growth in foods without excessive acidity.     

Phenol degradation in a fixed‐bed bioreactor using micro‐cellular polymer‐immobilized Pseudomonas syringae

Highly porous (85% void volume) polymer beads with interconnecting micro‐pores were prepared for the immobilization of Pseudomonas syringae for the degradation of phenol in a fixed‐bed column bioreactor. The internal architecture of this support material (also known as PolyHIPE Polymer) could be controlled through processing before the polymerization stage. The transient and steady state phenol utilization rates were measured as a function of substrate solution flow rate and initial substrate concentration. The spatial concentration of the bacteria on the micro‐porous support particles as well as within them was studied using scanning electron microscopy at various time intervals during the continuous operation of the bioreactor. It was found that although bacterial penetration into the porous support was present after 20 days, bacterial viability however, was compromised after 120 days as a result of the formation of a biofilm on the support particles. The steady state phenol utilization at an initial phenol concentration of 200 mg cm^?3 was 100% provided that the flow rate was less than 7 cm³ min^?1. Substrate inhibition at a constant flow rate of 4.5 cm³ min^?1 was found to begin at 720 mg dm^?3. The critical dilution rate for bacteria washout was high as a result of the highly hydrophobic nature of the support and the reduction of pore interconnect size due to bacterial growth within the pores in the vicinity of the surface of the support. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Production of salicylate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida UUC-1 and its application in the construction of a biosensor

The enzyme salicylate hydroxylase was produced from Pseudomonas putida UUC-1 in an 80 dm³ 16 h batch fermentation process yielding, ～ 9 K units per 60 dm³. This enzyme preparation has been studied for its application in the construction of biosensor systems, e.g. carbon past electrodes, screen-printed carbon electrodes, and disposable carbon enzyme electrodes, which will be used for the rapid estimation of salicylate in blood sample. The linear range of the disposable carbon enzyme electrode in response to salicylate was achieved to 1·8 mmol dm^?3.     

Identification of endophytic bacterial strain MGP1 selected from papaya and its biocontrol effects on pathogens infecting harvested papaya fruit

BACKGROUND: Traditional approaches to the control of diseases of papaya fruit rely on the use of synthetic chemicals, which can cause serious human health and environmental problems. Endophytes might be used as an alternative to chemicals to effectively control diseases of harvested papaya fruit. RESULTS: MGP1 was one of the biological control agents that was selected from the pericarp of papaya and identified as Pseudomonas putida biovar A. The bacterium was able to colonise in the lamina, leafstalk, pericarp and pulp of papaya and strongly inhibit ten kinds of phytopathogen. Positive control effects were achieved when fruits were challenged with Phytophthora nicotianae at 24 and 48 h after MGP1 treatment. The control effect of MGP1 on anthracnose of harvested papaya fruit reached 54%. The application of MGP1 at five preharvest stages of papaya significantly reduced the disease index of anthracnose, with the best control effect reaching 63% after application at the florescence stage. However, the rate of latent infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was significantly reduced only after application at the florescence stage. CONCLUSION: The results indicated the powerful ability of MGP1 as a biological agent. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry