Electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether on Pt/C and PtMe/C catalysts in sulfuric acid

The electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on PtMe/Cs (Me = Ru, Sn, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co, and W) and Pt/C electro-catalysts were investigated in an aqueous half-cell, and compared to the methanol oxidation. The addition of a second metal enhanced the tolerance of Pt to the poisonous species during the DME oxidation reaction (DOR). The PtRu/C electro-catalyst showed the best electro-catalytic activity and the highest tolerance to the poisonous species in the low over-potential range (<0.55 V, 50 °C) among the binary electro-catalysts and the Pt/C, but at the higher potential (>ca. 0.55 V, 50 °C), the Pt/C behaved better than PtRu/C. The apparent activation energy for the DOR decreased in the order: PtRu/C (57 kJ mol⁻¹) > Pt₃Sn/C (48 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ Pt/C (46 kJ mol⁻¹). On the other hand, the activation energy for the MOR showed a different turn, decreased in the following order: Pt/C (43 kJ mol⁻¹) > Pt₃Sn/C (35 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ PtRu/C (34 kJ mol⁻¹). The temperature dependence of the DOR was greater than that of the oxidation of methanol (MOR) on the PtRu/C.     

硝基苯催化加氢合成对氨基苯酚工艺研究

采用Pt/C作为催化剂对硝基苯选择加氢合成对氨基苯酚进行了研究,考察了温度、酸度、反应时间、压力、催化剂等因素对反应的影响,确定了反应的优化条件。在反应温度75℃、压力2.45kPa、硫酸浓度13%、反应时间4h的条件下,用2%Pt/C催化加氢还原硝基苯可获得较高质量的产物对氨基苯酚。     

Plasma etching of high-k and metal gate materials

Etching characteristics of high-k dielectric materials (HfO₂) and metal electrode materials (Pt, TaN) have been studied in high-density chlorine-containing plasmas at pressures around 10 mTorr. The etching of HfO₂ was performed in BCl₃ without rf biasing, giving an etch rate of about 5 nm/min with a high selectivity of >10 over Si and SiO₂. The etching of Pt and TaN was performed in Ar/O₂ with high rf biasing and in Ar/Cl₂ with low rf biasing, respectively, giving a Pt etch rate of about several tens nm/min and a TaN etch rate of about 200 nm/min with a high selectivity of >8 over HfO₂ and SiO₂. The etched profiles were outwardly tapered for Pt, owing to the redeposition of etch or sputter products on feature sidewalls, while the TaN profiles were almost anisotropic, probably owing to the ion-enhanced etching that occurred.     

磷酸燃料电池催化剂在运行中的形态变化

运用电化学方法测定了Pt/C催化剂在磷酸中不同时效阶段的电化学活性面积,同时采用XRD/TEM分析了Pt/C催化剂在时效过程中尺寸的变化,并运用分光光度法测量电极所在的磷酸中铂的含量,考察了铂/碳电极在不同情况下的溶解情况.结果表明:催化剂在时效过程中,随着时间的增加电化学活性面积逐渐减小,而Pt/C催化剂的粒径随着时间的增加逐渐增加;在开路电位下,催化剂的溶解量随时间的增加而增大,而催化剂在阴极极化下不发生溶解.分析讨论了碳载铂颗粒的增大机理和不同状态下铂的溶解机理.     

共沉淀富集分离矿石中微量金、铂、钯

研究了硒、铜、银、砷作为共沉淀剂。富集分离地质样品中金、铂、钯的最佳条件。在3mol/L HCl介质中，以4mg硒和5mg铜、银、砷对金、铂、钯进行共沉淀富集，采用孔雀绿分光光度法测定金．DDO分光光度法测定铂、钯，回收率均在95％-102％之间。通过对含金矿样加入铂、钯标准样品的回收实验，结果令人满意。     

Thermal behaviors of deactivation catalysts for synthesizing 2, 3, 5-trimethylhydroquinone

The thermal behaviors of the deposits on supported noble metal catalysts for synthesizing 2, 3, 5-trimethylhydroquinone by DSC were studied. The results show that the supported Pd catalysts have two exothermic peaks at around 312 °C and 435 °C in the DSC thermograms, respectively, while the supported Pt catalysts have one exothermic peak at approximately 345 °C. Therefore, it is supposed that the adsorptive states of deposits on supported Pt catalysts and supported Pd catalysts are different, which may be one reason leading to the stability difference between supported Pt catalysts and supported Pd catalysts.     

高效率多硫化钠/溴储能电池的研究

采用高温还原的方法制备了多硫化钠/溴储能电池负极用Ni/C催化剂,Ni/C、Pt/C分别是多硫化钠/溴储能电池负极和正极性能良好的电催化剂。系统地研究了Nafion膜的厚度、电催化剂含量、操作条件对电池充放电性能的影响。采用较厚的膜,电池性能稍微降低,但可减少阴离子的渗透。这种新型储能电池放电时功率密度达到0 7W/cm2(U=1 0V)。循环性能研究表明:采用较厚的膜,电池的充放电性能好,性能衰减很小,在100mA/cm2充放电,电压效率达到86 7%。     

焙烧温度对Pt/Pd负载型催化剂结构及性能的影响

为了探讨焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响,通过对不同焙烧温度的Pt/Pd负载型催化剂进行XRD涂层结构分析及催化剂活性评价检测.XRD分析结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化涂层中铈锆固溶体的特征峰趋于完整,经950℃焙烧后,催化剂涂层中γ-Al2 O3相的衍射峰仍十分明显,说明镧、铈、锫等添加剂对γ型氧化铝起到了很好的结构稳...     

汽车尾气净化催化剂的电子探针分析

本文采用电子扫描术测量催化剂中活性金属粒子－铂（Ｐｔ）的分布状态。介绍了试样的制作，在试样的几个部位上分析了三种催化剂的铂离子浓度，并给出铂浓度的分布规律。文中最后指出该测量方法的局限性。     

脱碳处理对Pt/WC复合材料催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钨酸钠为钨源、酚醛树脂为碳源合成碳化钨前驱体干凝胶,经原位碳化制备纳米碳化钨（WC）粉体,纳米WC粉体中的玻璃碳采用浓硝酸浸渍法脱除。在纳米WC粉料浆中以甲醛（HCHO）作为氯铂酸（H2PtCl6·6H2O）的还原剂,室温合成得到Pt/WC复合催化剂材料;以XRD、SEM、EDS等测试方法对样品的理化特性进行表征,并在酸性介质中采用循环伏安法测试材料的电化学催化活性。结果表明：相较于未经过脱碳处理的WC,经过浓硝酸脱碳处理后的Pt/WC电极催化材料的催化活性更好。经溶胶-凝胶法及原位碳化制备的纳米WC的颗粒径为20-80纳米,其本身具备较好的电催化活性。样品中残留的玻璃碳对WC具有包覆作用,会降低WC的电催化活性。采取浓硝酸脱碳的方式可有效脱除纳米WC粉体中的玻璃碳,发挥WC材料作为电极催化材料的电催化活性。