寒冷和严寒地区建筑门窗节能设计和解决方案（一）

本文以寒冷和严寒地区建筑门窗的节能保温为主线,对现行国家标准进行了介绍,指出了影响门窗节能保温的五大因素,对门窗的节能设计和解决方案进行了阐述,可供在实际工作中应用。     

Thermal management of lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles

Thermal issues associated with electric vehicle battery packs can significantly affect performance and life cycle. Fundamental heat transfer principles and performance characteristics of commercial lithium‐ion battery are used to predict the temperature distributions in a typical battery pack under a range of discharge conditions. Various cooling strategies are implemented to examine the relationship between battery thermal behavior and design parameters. By studying the effect of cooling conditions and pack configuration on battery temperature, information is obtained as to how to maintain operating temperature by designing proper battery configuration and choosing proper cooling systems. It was found that a cooling strategy based on distributed forced convection is an efficient, cost‐effective method which can provide uniform temperature and voltage distributions within the battery pack at various discharge rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fully developed thermal behaviors for parallel flow microchannel heat exchanger

The hydrodynamics and thermal behaviors of the flow in micro-heat exchanger parallel-plate are investigated numerically. The model that combines both the continuum approach and the possibility of slip at the boundary is adopted in the study. Effects of different parameters, such as, Knudsen number (Kn), heat capacity ratio (Cr), the effectiveness (e) and number of transfer units (NTU) are investigated. It is found that both the velocity slip and the temperature jump at the walls increase with increasing Kn. On the other hand, at low values of Kn, the NTU increases with increasing Cr, but at high values of Kn the NTU decreases with increasing Cr. With regard to the effect of Cr on e, it is found that increasing Cr leads to a reduction in e and for all Kn.     

基于深对流云的夜间微光传感器定标技术

NPP(National Polar-orbiting Parternership)卫星于2011年10月28日发射升空,其上搭载的VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)传感器包含DNB(Day Night Band)波段,该波段采用三增益设置,可在白天、晨昏甚至夜间实现地球观测.其中,在夜间月光条件下,主要采用高增益,定标实现较为困难.以此为目的,首次提出了基于深对流云的夜间微光传感器替代定标方法.将月亮辐射模型引入到SCIATRAN中,实现了全天候的辐射传输计算,并利用该改进的辐射传输模式,通过确定深对流云光学属性、地表特性及大气廓线等的参考值,对接收大气层顶反射辐射进行敏感性试验,分析得到主要影响因子为云光学厚度COT(Cloud Optical Thickness)与有效粒子半径Re(Effective Radius),且利用固定参考值得到最大模拟误差小于5%.为了检验该替代方法的可行性,通过改进的辐射传输模式,对2012年08月~2013年01月共6个月夜间DNB数据所确定的深对流云替代目标像素进行辐射传输模拟,结果表明基于深对流云的替代定标方法效果较好,基于日变化的辐射不确定度在±10%之内,可实现对DNB夜间高增益阶段的直接辐射定标.     

敏感工作气体对射流陀螺灵敏度的影响

研究了干燥空气、N2和He等3种常用敏感工作气体对射流陀螺灵敏度的影响。采用有限元法计算了输入角速度ωi=20(°)/s时敏感元件内的流场。计算结果和实验表明,改变敏感元件内敏感工作气体的种类,流场分布也随之变化。ωi=20(°)/s时,两热电阻丝r1、r2处的气流速度差ΔvN2>ΔvAIR>ΔvHe。灵敏度系数KN2>KAIR>KHe,其中KN2=1.05 KAIR,KHe=0.21%KAIR。N2对应的灵敏度最高,热电阻丝抗氧化,稳定性较好,但成本高;干燥空气的灵敏度次之,热电阻丝易氧化,稳定性差;He对应的灵敏度最小,热电阻丝不易氧化,稳定性最好。该文解释了敏感工作气体对射流陀螺灵敏度的影响机理,为提高射流陀螺的实用性,满足不同工程需要开辟了一个新的途径。     

网络入侵检测系统中的漂移检测

目前基于机器学习的入侵检测系统大都建立在入侵数据始终保持统计平稳的假设之上,无法应对攻击者有意改变数据特性或新型攻击方式的出现,而导致的检测率下降的状况.对于上述问题,即攻击漂移,提出了加权Rényi距离的检测方法.在KDD Cup99数据集上的实验证明,Rényi距离可以有效地增强检测效果;在检测到漂移后,通过重新训练模型可以使得对攻击的识别率显著提高.     

有理二次Bézier形式共轭双曲线段的几何计算

考虑有理二次Bézier形式的相互共轭的双曲线的控制顶点之间的关系,给定表示一段双曲线的标准型有理二次Bézier曲线,目标是求出它的共轭双曲线上相应段的控制顶点。首先给出共轭双曲线段的自然定义;接着通过参数变换,将有理二次Bézier形式和一般参数形式进行转换,并把这种转换对应到矩阵,以给出所求控制顶点的显式表达;最后,给出表达式的几何意义,即共轭双曲线段的控制顶点可由原双曲线的控制顶点通过两次线性插值得到。     

一类双参数三次Bézier曲线的形状分析

为了分析清楚形状参数对一类双参数三次Bézier曲线形态的影响及实现其对该曲线形状的调控,利用包络理论与拓扑映射的方法对一类双参数三次Bézier曲线进行了形状分析,明确了形状参数对曲线的影响,画出了曲线的形状特征分布图,得出了曲线上有奇点、拐点和曲线为局部凸或全局凸的充分必要条件,这些条件完全由控制多边形的相对位置表示,并进一步讨论了形状参数对曲线形状的影响。     

基于Bézier曲线的两平行线间缓和曲线构造

利用五次 Bézier 曲线,构造了一条含形状参数的两平行线间满足 G2连续的缓和曲线。这条曲线在 t=1/2含有唯一的曲率极值点。利用形状参数可以方便地控制曲率极值的大小和调节曲线的形状。     

Convective heat transfer in domed skylight cavities

Domed skylights are important architectural design elements that deliver daylight and solar heat into buildings, and connect the building's occupants to the outdoor environment. Despite the widespread use of domed skylights, there is limited information on the convective heat transfer within cavities of multi-glazed domes. This information is required to evaluate the thermal performance of domed skylights for product rating purposes, or to evaluate the heat loss or gain of installed skylights in buildings. This article presents a numerical study on the laminar natural convection in horizontal concentric domed cavities heated from the inside surface. A commercial CFD package is used to solve for the flow and temperature fields. The results show that for large cavity gap spacing-to-radius ratios, the cavity flow is mono-cellular and steady state. For small gap spacing ratios, however, the cavity flow may be multi-cellular and transient periodic. Practical correlations for the heat transfer coefficient as a function of the cavity shape and gap spacing ratio are developed for both flow regimes. The critical gap spacing ratio that yields the maximum Nusselt number is quantified for each cavity shape.