K65钢级标准的分析和对比

重点分析了俄罗斯天然气管道最高钢级—K65钢的性能特点,结合西气东输二线标准及API SPEC 5L标准,对俄罗斯管线标准的特点进行了深入探讨,发现俄罗斯的标准体系与我国标准体系有较大区别,充分了解俄罗斯最新钢级的发展趋势和标准特点,对我国继续扩大和深入俄罗斯管线钢市场有十分重要的意义。K系列钢管更注重低的屈强比、高的断裂延展性和苛刻的低温韧性,和施工现场联系更紧密。对于外观和尺寸的要求,也与国内标准的侧重点有所不同,总体来看,要比国内标准更严格。     

俄汉语法差异对学生听力理解能力的影响

听力是外语教学的重要课题之一,而影响听力理解能力的因素是多种多样的,这也是听力训练的难点,因此影响听力的因素及如何克服这些不利因素成为听力训练的核心所在。而以往的研究往往着重分析听力的技巧、动机及培养听者的兴趣等,强调人为因素对听力产生的影响,很少关注语言本身的差异。本文试分析俄汉的语言性因素,尤其是语法因素的差异对听力理解能力的影响,并对以汉语作为母语的学生进行俄语听力训练提出可行性措施。     

如何用VC++6.0实现俄罗斯方块游戏

本文采用面向对象的思想阐述俄罗斯方块游戏实现的机制,并通过VC++6.0实现了这个游戏。     

Thermal consideration of CANDU-SCWR sliding pressure startup through subchannel analysis

A startup system and startup procedures are designed based on the subchannel analysis for CANDU-SCWR sliding pressure startup. Lookup tables are selected to predict the CHF and PDO heat transfer due to their wide application range. Plant parameters are analyzed in detail. The results show that the maximum cladding surface temperature can be well restricted lower than criterion (850 °C), and the proposed startup procedure is feasible for CANDU-SCWR from the point of view of thermal-hydraulics.     

俄罗斯北极地区新生代岩相古地理特征

基于大量文献资料,系统研究了俄罗斯北极地区新生代的岩相古地理。在俄罗斯北极地区共识别出隆起剥蚀区、冲积区、湖泊区、滨海区、浅海区和半深海-深海区６种古地理单元,其中：隆起剥蚀区沉积记录缺失;冲积区为砂岩＋泥岩或砾岩＋砂岩＋泥岩两种岩性组合;湖泊区为砂岩＋泥岩岩性组合;滨、浅海区沉积则以砂岩＋泥岩岩性组合为主,局部有蒸发岩＋碎屑岩或砂岩＋泥岩＋碳酸盐岩、砾岩＋砂岩＋泥岩３种岩性组合发育;半深海-深海区以泥岩为主。新生代俄罗斯北极地区以隆起剥蚀区为主,新近纪隆起剥蚀区面积大于古近纪。古近纪冲积区和湖泊区仅在巴伦支海发育,滨浅海区分布在西西伯利亚盆地和北冰洋海域,半深海-深海区发育在北极极顶周缘地区;新近纪由于受斯匹次卑尔根褶皱带隆起作用的影响,隆起剥蚀区面积进一步增加,巴伦支海地区成为隆起剥蚀区,而西西伯利亚盆地在渐新世开始隆升,于中新世成为隆起剥蚀区,俄罗斯具有了与现今相似的地理形态,冲积区仅发育在新地岛前缘,湖泊区消失,北冰洋海域滨浅海区继承性发育,随着加科尔脊的不断扩张,半深海-深海区面积有所增加,北冰洋也初具现代雏形。     

基于Qtopia的嵌入式Linux俄文解决方案

针对嵌入式智能设备的俄文图形界面的需要,进行基于嵌入式Linux平台的Qtopia俄文化开发。通过研究国际化、本地化机制,设计俄文本地化环境,利用Linux开放源代码的功能,提取Qtopia图形界面语言资源并进行本地化,构建基于Linux平台的俄文图形界面资源库,实现Qtopia的界面文字俄文化。通过编制输入法程序,实现Qtopia的俄文软键盘输入,实现基于Linux的应用程序的俄文支持,完成了完整的俄文Qtopia的研制工作。     

高速电脱盐技术在炼制俄罗斯原油中的应用

介绍了大型高速交直流电脱盐技术的工艺流程和技术特点,并在中国石油辽阳石化公司的550×10^rt／a常减压蒸馏装置中进行了应用,该装置是首次加工俄罗斯原油。对高速电脱盐系统运行工况进行了分析并对操作条件进行了优化,使各项运行指标达到了要求：在入口原油含盐量小于50mg／L的条件下,经电脱盐系统处理后的原油含盐量小于3mg／L,含水量小于0．3％;外排污水含油量小于100μg／g。     

Patent information of the former USSR countries

The patent information currently available for the former USSR, EAPO, Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Armenia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, the Baltic countries and Uzbekistan is described. It is a complicated scene, in terms of the extent and depth of coverage, the media employed (paper, CD, on-line), and the use of open access, charged INTERNET access and commercial databases.     

CFD evaluation of hydrogen risk mitigation measures in a VVER-440/213 containment

In the PHARE project “Hydrogen Management for the VVER440/213” (HU2002/000-632-04-01), CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculations using GASFLOW, FLUENT and CFX were performed for the Paks NPP (Nuclear Power Plant), modelling a defined severe accident scenario which involves the release of hydrogen. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that CFD codes can be used to model gas movement inside a containment during a severe accident. With growing experience in performing such analyses, the results encourage the use of CFD in assessing the risk of losing containment integrity as a result of hydrogen deflagrations. As an effective mitigation measure in such a situation, the implementation of catalytic recombiners is planned in the Paks NPP. In order to support these plans both unmitigated and recombiner-mitigated simulations were performed. These are described and selected results are compared. The codes CFX and FLUENT needed refinement to their models of wall and bulk steam condensation in order to be able to fully simulate the severe accident under consideration.Several CFD codes were used in parallel to model the same accident scenario in order to reduce uncertainties in the results.Previously it was considered impractical to use CFD codes to simulate a full containment subject to a severe accident extending over many hours. This was because of the expected prohibitive computing times and missing physical capabilities of the codes. This work demonstrates that, because of developments in the capabilities of CFD codes and improvements in computer power, these calculations have now become feasible.     

Drawn into Space: Zaha Hadid

Visionary New York architect Lebbeus Woods reviews the evolution of Zaha Hadid's work from the 1970s to the present. Tracking the shifts in her work from a Suprematist-informed fragmentation in the 1980s to a more contemporary fluidity and a preoccupation with complex curvilinearity, he throws light on the relationship between Hadid's drawing and her architecture. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.