俄罗斯北极地区新生代岩相古地理特征

基于大量文献资料,系统研究了俄罗斯北极地区新生代的岩相古地理。在俄罗斯北极地区共识别出隆起剥蚀区、冲积区、湖泊区、滨海区、浅海区和半深海-深海区６种古地理单元,其中：隆起剥蚀区沉积记录缺失;冲积区为砂岩＋泥岩或砾岩＋砂岩＋泥岩两种岩性组合;湖泊区为砂岩＋泥岩岩性组合;滨、浅海区沉积则以砂岩＋泥岩岩性组合为主,局部有蒸发岩＋碎屑岩或砂岩＋泥岩＋碳酸盐岩、砾岩＋砂岩＋泥岩３种岩性组合发育;半深海-深海区以泥岩为主。新生代俄罗斯北极地区以隆起剥蚀区为主,新近纪隆起剥蚀区面积大于古近纪。古近纪冲积区和湖泊区仅在巴伦支海发育,滨浅海区分布在西西伯利亚盆地和北冰洋海域,半深海-深海区发育在北极极顶周缘地区;新近纪由于受斯匹次卑尔根褶皱带隆起作用的影响,隆起剥蚀区面积进一步增加,巴伦支海地区成为隆起剥蚀区,而西西伯利亚盆地在渐新世开始隆升,于中新世成为隆起剥蚀区,俄罗斯具有了与现今相似的地理形态,冲积区仅发育在新地岛前缘,湖泊区消失,北冰洋海域滨浅海区继承性发育,随着加科尔脊的不断扩张,半深海-深海区面积有所增加,北冰洋也初具现代雏形。     

基于Qtopia的嵌入式Linux俄文解决方案

针对嵌入式智能设备的俄文图形界面的需要,进行基于嵌入式Linux平台的Qtopia俄文化开发。通过研究国际化、本地化机制,设计俄文本地化环境,利用Linux开放源代码的功能,提取Qtopia图形界面语言资源并进行本地化,构建基于Linux平台的俄文图形界面资源库,实现Qtopia的界面文字俄文化。通过编制输入法程序,实现Qtopia的俄文软键盘输入,实现基于Linux的应用程序的俄文支持,完成了完整的俄文Qtopia的研制工作。     

高速电脱盐技术在炼制俄罗斯原油中的应用

介绍了大型高速交直流电脱盐技术的工艺流程和技术特点,并在中国石油辽阳石化公司的550×10^rt／a常减压蒸馏装置中进行了应用,该装置是首次加工俄罗斯原油。对高速电脱盐系统运行工况进行了分析并对操作条件进行了优化,使各项运行指标达到了要求：在入口原油含盐量小于50mg／L的条件下,经电脱盐系统处理后的原油含盐量小于3mg／L,含水量小于0．3％;外排污水含油量小于100μg／g。     

Patent information of the former USSR countries

The patent information currently available for the former USSR, EAPO, Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Armenia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, the Baltic countries and Uzbekistan is described. It is a complicated scene, in terms of the extent and depth of coverage, the media employed (paper, CD, on-line), and the use of open access, charged INTERNET access and commercial databases.     

CFD evaluation of hydrogen risk mitigation measures in a VVER-440/213 containment

In the PHARE project “Hydrogen Management for the VVER440/213” (HU2002/000-632-04-01), CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculations using GASFLOW, FLUENT and CFX were performed for the Paks NPP (Nuclear Power Plant), modelling a defined severe accident scenario which involves the release of hydrogen. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that CFD codes can be used to model gas movement inside a containment during a severe accident. With growing experience in performing such analyses, the results encourage the use of CFD in assessing the risk of losing containment integrity as a result of hydrogen deflagrations. As an effective mitigation measure in such a situation, the implementation of catalytic recombiners is planned in the Paks NPP. In order to support these plans both unmitigated and recombiner-mitigated simulations were performed. These are described and selected results are compared. The codes CFX and FLUENT needed refinement to their models of wall and bulk steam condensation in order to be able to fully simulate the severe accident under consideration.Several CFD codes were used in parallel to model the same accident scenario in order to reduce uncertainties in the results.Previously it was considered impractical to use CFD codes to simulate a full containment subject to a severe accident extending over many hours. This was because of the expected prohibitive computing times and missing physical capabilities of the codes. This work demonstrates that, because of developments in the capabilities of CFD codes and improvements in computer power, these calculations have now become feasible.     

Drawn into Space: Zaha Hadid

Visionary New York architect Lebbeus Woods reviews the evolution of Zaha Hadid's work from the 1970s to the present. Tracking the shifts in her work from a Suprematist-informed fragmentation in the 1980s to a more contemporary fluidity and a preoccupation with complex curvilinearity, he throws light on the relationship between Hadid's drawing and her architecture. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The potential of Swetra — A multilanguage MT system

One may indicate the potentials of an MT system by stating what text genres it can process, e.g., weather reports and technical manuals. This approach is practical, but misleading, unless domain knowledge is highly integrated in the system. Another way to indicate which fragments of language the system can process is to state its grammatical potentials, or more formally, which languages the grammars of the system can generate. This approach is more technical and less understandable to the layman (customer), but it is less misleading, since it stresses the point that the fragments which can be translated by the grammars of a system need not necessarily coincide exactly with any particular genre. Generally, the syntactic and lexical rules of an MT system allow it to translate many sentences other than those belonging to a certain genre. On the other hand it probably cannot translate all the sentences of a particular genre. Swetra is a multilanguage MT system defined by the potentials of a formal grammar (standard referent grammar) and not by reference to a genre. Successful translation of sentences can be guaranteed if they are within a specified syntactic format based on a specified lexicon. The paper discusses the consequences of this approach (Grammatically Restricted Machine Translation, GRMT) and describes the limits set by a standard choice of grammatical rules for sentences and clauses, noun phrases, verb phrases, sentence adverbials, etc. Such rules have been set up for English, Swedish and Russian, mainly on the basis of familiarity (frequency) and computer efficiency, but restricting the grammar and making it suitable for several languages poses many problems for optimization. Sample texts — newspaper reports — illustrate the type of text that can be translated with reasonable success among Russian, English and Swedish.     

Russian physiologists' psychology and American experimental psychology: A historical and a systematic collation and a look into the future.

Sechenov was the originator of the basic theoretics of Russia's distinct physiologists' psychology. Pavlov and Bekhterev were its experimental verifiers and validators. Watson's Behaviorism arose as an independent development of American experimental psychology but interacted almost immediately with Russian-opened new experimental vistas. The vast influence of the English translations (1927 and 1928) of Pavlov's 2 conditioned reflex books on American psychological systematics is fully discussed, as is also the distinctness of the Pavlov system vis-à-vis specific American systems and American psychology in general. The language barrier is shown to be a unique factor in Russo-American experimental and theoretical parallels and divergencies. Brain behavior is the keynote of current Soviet physiologists' psychology and is increasingly dominating recent American experimental psychology. Significant Russo-American rapprochements in the basics of psychology seem imminent. (4-p. ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Connecting Information Structure and Discourse Structure through ``Kontrast': The Case of Colloquial Russian Particles -TO, ŽE, and VED'

The notion of kontrast, or the ability of certain linguistic expressions to generate a set of alternatives, originally proposed by Vallduví and Vilkuna (1998) as a clause-level concept, is re-analyzed here as connecting the level of information packaging in the clause and the level of discourse structure in the following way: kontrast is encoded at the clausal level but has repercussions for discourse structure. This claim is supported by evidence from the distribution properties of three colloquial Russian particles -to, e, andved' which are analyzed as unambiguous markers of kontrast. Both the placement of these particles at the clausal level and their role in discourse are viewed as consequences of the type of the kontrast set and the cognitive status of information marked by each particle.     

中俄东线天然气管道天然气质量分析与计量技术

天然气质量涉及在输送和使用过程中与安全卫生、环境保护以及经济利益相关指标的要求，而天然气计量则直接与购销双方天然气气量结算的金额有关。因此，天然气的质量分析和流量计量在天然气工业中具有重要的作用和意义。在跨国管道天然气贸易交接中，购销双方除了关注天然气价格以外，还会重点围绕天然气质量分析和流量计量开展技术谈判。为此，分析了中俄东线天然气管道技术谈判过程中所关注的天然气质量分析与流量计量技术问题，并从采用的方法标准、气质检测项目及其指标、流量计和辅助设施配置及其指标、取样口设置、在线分析仪器配置和分析及计量结果溯源性等关键技术方面进行了归纳和总结。研究结果表明：①明确了天然气质量分析与流量计量采标原则，使得在确定计量协议中的具体技术内容时有标可依；②确定了天然气质量分析中涉及的检测项目及其指标、取样口的设置、在线分析设备的配置、分析结果溯源性和保证措施，确保了其结果的准确性与可靠性； ③确定了计量系统指标要求、计量管路布置、流量计量溯源性和保证措施，确保了天然气流量计量结果的准确性与可靠性。结论认为，该研究成果可以为未来我国跨国管道天然气计量站及国内大型天然气贸易交接计量站的建设和管理提供经验和借鉴。