GC/MS分析俄罗斯鲟鱼不同部位脂肪酸组成

通过Folch法提取俄罗斯鲟鱼不同部位总脂,采用GC/MS法对其脂肪酸组成进行分析。通过质谱数据库检索和标准品对照鉴定脂肪酸组成。研究表明,鱼肉、鱼卵、鱼皮、鱼腹中脂肪酸种类及含量类似,多不饱和脂肪酸含量均大于40%,其次为单不饱和脂肪酸(30%左右)和饱和脂肪酸(17%左右),多不饱和脂肪酸以9,12-十八碳二烯酸和DHA为主。鱼肉中总脂含量12.83%,其中,多不饱和脂肪酸为42.37%,EPA+DHA为17.25%;鱼卵总脂含量为14.46%,其中n-3脂肪酸为22.10%;鱼皮含有较高含量的n-6脂肪酸(19.43%);鱼腹总脂含量14.45%,含有较高含量的多不饱和脂肪酸(42.66%)和单不饱和脂肪酸(34.07%),EPA+DHA为17.38%;鱼鳔中未检测到n-3和n-6脂肪酸;鱼肝总脂含量为55.92%,单不饱和脂肪酸含量尤为突出,高达55.81%,以9-十八碳烯酸(49.82%)为主,饱和脂肪酸含量仅为17.24%;椎骨中总脂仅为0.09%。     

马克思恩格斯关于俄国社会发展道路问题的理论

马克思恩格斯关于俄国社会发展道路研究体现了他们一贯坚持的科学历史观和方法论。在他们看来,世界历史进程的统一性是客观存在的;世界是一个相互联系的整体,特别是到了资本主义时代,一个民族国家的社会发展道路受到历史环境的重要影响;在历史发展进程中,历史规律具有支配性作用,但人在历史规律面前绝不是无能为力的;历史的进步最终表现为物质生产方式的进步。马克思恩格斯关于俄国社会发展道路的理论对于指导中国特色社会主义建设具有重要的指导意义。     

大庆油混兑俄罗斯油对润滑油基础油生产及性质的影响

与大庆原油相比,大庆原油混兑8%俄罗斯原油后,对润滑油基础油的生产和质量均产生了较大影响。基础油HVI 150、350、650的粘度指数下降了1~4个单位,旋转氧弹上升了19~47 min,比色上升了0.5个单位。基础油综合收率提高了0.04%。大庆原油混兑8%俄罗斯原油后,通过调整润滑油生产装置的操作条件,可以生产符合Q/SHR 001-95标准的HVI 150、350、650基础油。     

高校俄语教学实习基地的建设与应用

俄语教学实习基地是提高俄语专业学生实践能力的重要场所。阐述高校俄语专业建设实习基地的背景、意义以及现阶段存在的问题,从资金保障、校企联系、实习管理制度等方面,提出相关的对策和建议。     

Determination of seepage velocity in streambed using temperature record of Russian River, USA

The vertical seepage velocity is an important parameter in the groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) exchange process. It is reported that the periodical fluctuated temperature record of the streambed can be used to determine the seepage velocity. Based on a 1-D flow and heat transport model with a sinusoidal temperature oscillation at the upstream boundary, a new analytical model is built. This analytical model can be used to determine the seepage velocity from the amplitude ratio of the deep and shallow test points. The process of calculation is discussed. The field data are superimposed by multi-periods, so the spectrum analysis and the data filtering are desirable. For the typical seepage medium, the analytical model is effective to compute the seepage velocity between ?2 m/d and 6 m/d by using the record of the daily period fluctuation. The temperature time-series analytical model is used to determine the upwards seepage under the condition that the spacing of test points is small (less than 0.2 m). Lastly, a case study for the Russian River shows that this model is very convenient to determine the temporal changes of the GW-SW exchange.     

Development prospects of wind energy in the Russian energy complex

This study examines the development prospects of wind energy in the Russian energy complex. At present, the wind energy potential of Russia is huge, so any wind power plants, both large and small, are an alternative industry of the state's energy, which is quite extensive. The purpose of this study is to identify promising areas for the development of power plants that use wind energy in their work in Russia, as well as specific measures for the development of these areas. The leading approach in this study is a combination of a systematic analysis of the main development aspects of wind energy in Russia as a separate energy industry with an analytical study of the current development prospects of this industry. The main results of this study are an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of wind power plants regarding the prospects for their implementation in the Russian energy complex and a numerical assessment of the introduction results of this energy source. The prospects for further research in this area are determined by the increasing need of the Russian economy in the development and practical application of alternative energy sources, one of which is wind, as well as the availability of this energy source and its environmental safety. The applied value of this study lies in the possibility of the practical application of the obtained results in order to accelerate the processes of introducing wind energy into the Russian energy system.     

RES support in Russia: Impact on capacity and electricity market prices

Russian renewable energy policy has undergone changes following an establishment of targets for installed capacity and power production using renewable energy sources and the introduction of new capacity based support scheme for renewable energy. The forecasted amount of future renewable power will not provide enough power production to meet growing demand for renewable energy; although, it will help with modernization of the energy sector and development of renewable technology and innovation. At the same time, the capacity support scheme for renewable energy may adversely affect capacity prices and become an additional burden for industrial consumers, who are already paying the cost of capacity support for conventional power plants, so-called Capacity Delivery Agreements (CDAs). This work assesses the impact of the new capacity based support scheme on capacity and electricity price formation. Modeling results show that the impact of capacity support for renewable energy is small compared to that of capacity support for conventional energy, suggesting that the Russian energy production mix will continue to be dominated by fossil fuel based generation.     

The Volga: Management issues in the largest river basin in Europe

The Volga is the longest river in Europe and 16th longest in the world. The riverine landscape of the Volga is of exceptional scientific and economic importance to Russia; the basin contains approximately 40% of the Russian population and relates to 45% of the country's industrial and agricultural produce. The Volga River drains an area of 1.4 million km², covering various biomes from taiga to semidesert. Anthropogenic impacts in the 20th century include pollution as well as hydropower production and navigation purposes, incurring a cost for its historically important migratory fish (e.g., sturgeons) and related fisheries. River basin management in Russia, since 2006, is based on the water code that determines federal competencies in water management. Extensive water quality monitoring programmes provide feedback to regional managers. Monitoring of biological parameters is spatially limited and should be extended in order to provide sufficient data for informed management. Some initiatives have been implemented in recent decades in order to restore the ecological health of the river and manage fisheries resources (e.g., restocking programmes and the definition of total allowable catches). As recreational fishing is popular but presently unregulated in Russia, we suggest additional monitoring. Finally, the headwaters and lower river floodplain of the Volga have remained as free‐flowing and relatively undisturbed systems. Because reference conditions with low levels of anthropogenic disturbance cannot be found in Central European lowland rivers, both the headwaters and lower Volga floodplains below Volgograd are of great importance on European level.     

Rare events probabilities estimation by “ Russian Roulette and Splitting ” simulation technique

An advanced Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique—namely, “Russian Roulette and Splitting” (RR & S) technique is applied for the reliability assessment of mechanical systems under stochastic excitations. The basic features of the algorithm are described and discussed. As a numerical example the technique is used for the numerical solution of the first passage problem in the low probability range. Results are compared with available solutions, obtained by another variance reduction technique—“Double and Clump”(D & C) procedure.     

The maturation of the Russian offshore software industry

In the decade of the 1990s, India leapt ahead of all other competitors for offshore programming business, giving the impression that Russia had not lived up to its potential. This paper uses case studies of firms and clients and available literature to investigate what Russia has achieved so far, what bottlenecks and hindrances have prevented it from going further, and how those problems are now being addressed. Based on the Heeks/Nicholson and Carmel models, it is concluded that there have been important improvements in domestic input factors, infrastructure, and software industry characteristics; some improvements in linkages with customer firms; and relatively little progress in improving national vision and strategy. The industry has achieved a “platform of maturity” from which further growth is now possible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.