NaCl/SDS协同作用下超声辐射引发MMA无皂乳液聚合的研究

在超声辐射下,未添加引发剂,以NaCl和小于临界胶束浓度的乳化剂（十二烷基硫酸钠,SDS）混合水溶液为介质,快速无皂乳液聚合甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）,获得稳定的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯白色乳液。讨论了超声功率、乳化剂浓度和无机盐浓度对单体转化率的影响;比较单体MMA和聚合物PMMA的红外光谱图（FT-IR）,发现聚合后1637cm-1处的C=C双键吸收峰几乎消失,这表明单体MMA在超声辐射条件下已基本上聚合;聚合物PMMA的GPC曲线为单峰,Mn=384706,Mw=529554,PDI=1.37,聚合物分子量较大,分布较窄;TEM观察发现,得到的乳胶粒大小、分布均匀,粒径较小;探讨了超声辐照无皂乳液聚合的可能过程。     

Isolation and characterization of pepsin‐solubilized collagen from the integument of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus)

BACKGROUND: Sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) is considered an underutilized resource, since only its stomach and intestines are eaten raw as salad in a few countries and the remaining parts, especially the integument rich in collagen, is discarded. Hence a valuable by‐product having potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications is wasted. In the present investigation, pepsin‐solubilized collagen (PSC) from the integument of S. vastus was isolated, purified and characterized. RESULTS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed that the purified collagen was of type I, consisting of three α1 chains of approximately 122 kDa each. The peptide map of PSC digested by V8 protease was different from that of calf skin type I collagen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the triple helical structure was well preserved in isolated collagen. The denaturation temperature of PSC was 21.23 °C and showed good gel‐forming capability at pH 6.5 and 300 mmol L^?1 NaCl. CONCLUSION: It is inferred that the collagen isolated from S. vastus integument has potential for use as an alternative to land‐based mammalian collagen in food, nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical industries. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Shape controlled synthesis and characterization of Cu2O nanostructures assisted by composite surfactants system

A simple methodology has been demonstrated to synthesize various nanocrystalline Cu₂O materials assisted by composite surfactant system, SDS and Tween 80 using the polyol method. Glycolaldehyde prepared in situ by heating ethylene glycol solvent at 160 °C for 2 h, was utilized as the reducing agent. The relative ratio of the two surfactants was manipulated to achieve different Cu₂O morphologies, e.g. nanocrystalline Cu₂O flowers, hollow spheres consisting of holes and ring type structure. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed that the SDS and Tween 80 moieties were indeed present on the surface as capping agents in order to stabilize the surface nanocrystallites by the co-ordinative interactions between the oxygen atoms of Tween 80 and SDS and the Cu atoms at the surface of the synthesized Cu₂O particles. These oxygen atoms eventually encourage the oxidation of the surface Cu atoms to form a thin CuO layer, presence of which on the surface was corroborated by the XPS measurements. Sputtering of the samples was also carried out to remove the surface CuO thin layer and expose the inner Cu₂O. These nanomaterials were then investigated for their potential applications in photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye.     

Differentiation of lactococci from 2 Greek cheeses with protected designation of origin by phenotypic criteria and RAPD-PCR

Abstract: Seventy‐six lactococci isolates from 2 protected designation of origin (PDO) cheeses were studied for their acidification ability, proteolytic activity, and inhibitory activities as well as their intraspecies characterization by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA‐polymerase chain reaction (RAPD‐PCR). Fifty‐two of them were characterized as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis by the SDS‐PAGE of whole‐cell proteins. The test strains increased the amount of acid in milk from 6 to 24 h as well as the quantities of amino acids on incubation for 4 d. The majority of the isolates degraded preferentially α_s‐casein. The isolates from Feta differed from those of Graviera Kritis in respect of β‐casein degradation. This fragment was either not degraded or underwent a small degradation by lactococci from Feta. A stronger intensity of acidification for the isolates from Feta and a higher casein breakdown ability for those from Graviera Kritis were also recorded. Lactococci from Feta and Graviera Kritis inhibited, preferentially, the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Yersinia enterocolitica, respectively. A high heterogeneity among the isolates according to RAPD‐PCR was determined, as well as grouping of the isolates according to their source of isolation. Selected isolates from each cheese could be used as starters to make either Feta or Graviera Kritis.     

Characterization of the electrophoretic mobility of gold nanoparticles with different sizes using the nanoporous alumina membrane system

This work presents a new analytical system to study the electrophoretic mobility of gold nanoparticles with different sizes, in which the platinum-coated alumina membranes are used as the separator due to the high pore densities, rigid support structure, chemical and thermal stability. It is shown that the electrophoretic mobility of gold nanoparticles is dependent on the nature of mobile phase and interfacial properties of alumina channels. The transport performance of nanoparticles are improved with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into the mobile phase, because SDS not only decreases the physical adsorption of gold nanoparticles on the nano-channel wall of alumina membrane, but also reduces the thickness of the electric double layer (decreasing the apparent size of particles). When the alumina membranes were modified with 6-aminohexanoic acid, it was further confirmed that the physical adsorption played a key role for the electrophoretic mobility of gold nanoparticles. Under optimized conditions, the mobility of gold nanoparticles had a fairly linear dependence on particle size (R² > 0.99), reiterating that our membrane system was also capable of characterizing gold nanoparticles in nanometer-size regimes.     

Crinumin,a chymotrypsin-like but glycosylated serine protease from Crinum asiaticum: Purification and physicochemical characterisation

Plant latex could be a potential source of novel proteases usable in the food and feed industries because of broad substrate specificity with high stability in extreme conditions. Crinumin, a glycosylated serine protease with chymotrypsin-like activity was purified from the latex of Crinumasiaticum using cation-exchange column chromatography. Crinumin shows activity over a wide range of pH (4.5–11.5 and optimum at 8.5), temperature (75 °C and optimum at 70 °C) and is also functional against chaotrophs, organic solvents, and detergents, even after prolonged exposure. The molecular mass (67.7 kDa), extinction coefficient (17.7), isoelectric point (6.9), and numbers of tryptophan (13), tyrosine (24) and cysteine (15 with 7 disulphide bridges) residues were estimated. K_m of the enzyme was 31.7 μM with casein and 5 × 10⁴ μM with N-succinyl-l-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide. Easy availability of the aqueous latex, simple purification procedure, high yield (33%), stability and activity in adverse conditions makes it applicable for the pharmaceutical and food industries.     

Influence of Droplet Charge on the Chemical Stability of Citral in Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Abstract: The chemical stability of citral, a flavor component widely used in beverage, food, and fragrance products, in oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by surfactants with different charge characteristics was investigated. Emulsions were prepared using cationic (lauryl alginate, LAE), non-ionic (polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether, Brij 35), and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) surfactants at pH 3.5. The citral concentration decreased over time in all the emulsions, but the rate of decrease depended on surfactant type. After 7 d storage, the citral concentrations remaining in the emulsions were around 60% for LAE- or Brij 35-stabilized emulsions and 10% for SDS-stabilized emulsions. An increase in the local proton (H⁺) concentration around negatively charged droplet surfaces may account for the more rapid citral degradation observed in SDS-stabilized emulsions. A strong metal ion chelator (EDTA), which has previously been shown to be effective at increasing the oxidative stability of labile components, had no effect on citral stability in LAE- or Brij 35-stabilized emulsions, but it slightly decreased the initial rate of citral degradation in SDS-stabilized emulsions. These results suggest the surfactant type used to prepare emulsions should be controlled to improve the chemical stability of citral in emulsion systems.     

提取鼠肠道内微生物基因组DNA的方法研究

通过改进鼠肠道微生物基因组DNA提取方法以期更全面地反映鼠肠道茵群的真实情况.采用CTAB和SDS结合的方法裂解细胞,同时改进了传统的酚/氯仿抽提方法,提取全过程控制在2 h以内.通过紫外分光光度计,细菌通用引物PCR,总菌群实时定量PCR,变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)对改进方法及两种试剂盒法提取DNA的结果进行比较,评价了所建立的高效提取方法.与试剂盒相比,改进的方法DNA得率较高,简便快速,成本低廉.同时后续的PCR鉴定及DGGE菌群多样性分析显示,改进的方法可以更好地揭示鼠肠道菌群分布和特性.     

Poly(o-aminophenol) film prepared in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate: Application for nickel ion dispersion and the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol and ethylene glycol

Poly(o-aminophenol) (POAP) was formed by successive cyclic voltammetry in monomer solution in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the surface of a carbon paste electrode. The electrochemical behavior of the SDS-POAP carbon paste electrode has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry in 0.5 M HClO₄ and 5 mM K₄[Fe(CN)₆]/0.1 M KCl solutions as the supporting electrolyte and model system, respectively. Ni(II) ions were incorporated into the electrode by immersion of the polymeric modified electrode having amine groups in 0.1 M Ni(II) ion solution. Cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric experiments were used for the electrochemical study of this modified electrode. A good redox behavior of the Ni(III)/Ni(II) couple at the surface of electrode can be observed. The electrocatalytic oxidations of methanol and ethylene glycol (EG) at the surface of the Ni/SDS-POAP electrode were studied in a 0.1 M NaOH solution. Compared to bare carbon paste and POAP-modified carbon paste electrodes, the SDS-POAP electrode significantly enhanced the catalytic efficiency of Ni ions for methanol oxidation. Finally, using a chronoamperometric method, the catalytic rate constants (k) for methanol and ethylene glycol were found to be 2.04 × 10⁵ and 1.05 × 10⁷ cm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively.     

纳米SiO_2用于含表面活性剂原水的处理

在含表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的低浊(6 NTU)高岭土原水中,投加纳米SiO_2进行动态混凝与静沉试验,借助图像分析技术与定量控制参数,探讨了纳米SiO_2的作用效果与形态学特性.结果表明:絮体的形成与生长具有分形特征,分形结构是影响颗粒混凝、絮团密实度与沉降特性的主要因素;SDS的存在对絮凝初期絮体的形成起阻碍作用,随后SDS与混凝剂的混合体共同对粒子作用,促进絮凝,絮体变大且密实,沉降性能改善;SDS和SiO_2对高岭土粒子存在竞争吸附;单独投加纳米SiO_2时形成的絮体小而脆弱,而以纳米SiO_2为助凝剂能促使PAC絮体结构向更密实的构型转变,对浊度和SDS的去除率提高.