Impact of oxygen enrichment on the engine's performance,emission and combustion behavior of a biofuel based reactivity controlled compression ignition engine

Diesel engine with RCCI (Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition) finds the next generation technology in engine research for combusting slow burning fuels such as vegetable oils and arriving extremely lower levels of smoke and NO (Nitric Oxide) emissions simultaneously. An attempt was made to operate a diesel engine on RCCI mode by injecting ethanol as low reactivity fuel at the intake manifold of the engine using sunflower based Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as high reactivity fuel under oxygen enriched intake air. The influence of the combined effect of oxygen enrichment and RCCI mode on engine's behavior was studied using WCO as the high reactivity (main) fuel. Significant improvement (upto 33.5% with RCCI mode from 29.1% with neat WCO at peak power) in BTE (brake thermal efficiency) with drastic reduction in smoke (upto 48% with RCCI at the maximum efficiency point from 69% with neat WCO at peak power) and NO were achieved with injection of ethanol under RCCI mode when using WCO as base fuel mainly at high loads (power outputs). Combining oxygen enrichment with RCCI resulted in further improvement in BTE (upto 36.2%) and reduction in smoke (upto 37% at the maximum efficiency point), HC and CO emissions at all power outputs. Peak pressure and energy release rate were found to be superior with RCCI mode with EF (electronic fuel) injection of ethanol associated with oxygen enriched combustion. It is concluded that RCCI operation with injection of ethanol combined with oxygen enrichment could be preferred for very high BTE, lowest smoke and NO emissions using WCO as base fuel. The optimal level of low reactivity fuel blending with high reactivity WCO could be at the ethanol energy share of 25% for the highest thermal efficiency at peak load. The optimal oxygen concentration of 23% by volume could be preferred for best performance of the engine fueled with WCO as main fuel.     

Role of hydrogen in improving performance and emission characteristics of homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled with graphite oxide nanoparticle-added microalgae biodiesel/diesel blends

The development of low-temperature combustion models combined with the use of biofuels has been considered as an efficient strategy to reduce pollutant emissions like CO, HC. NO_x, and smoke. Indeed, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is the new approach to drastically minimize NO_x emissions and smoke owing to the lower cylinder temperature and a higher rate of homogeneous A/F mixture as compared to compression ignition (CI) engines. The present research deal with the behavior analysis of a CI engine powered by diesel, Euglena Sanguinea (ES), and their blends (ES20D80, ES40D60, ES60D40, ES80D20). The experimental results revealed the highest brake thermal efficiency for ES20D80 although it decreased by 4.1% compared to diesel at normal mode. The average drop in HC, CO, and smoke was 2.1, 2.3, and 5.7% for ES20D80 as opposed to diesel fuel. Therefore, in the next stage, ES20D80 with various concentrations of graphite oxide (GO) nanoparticle (20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm) was chosen to carry out experiments in the HCCI mode, in which hydrogen gas was induced along with air through the intake pipe at a fixed flow rate of 3 lpm for the enrichment of the air-fuel mixture. As a result, the combination of hydrogen-enriched gas and GO-added ES20D80 in the HCCI mode showed similar performance to the CI engine but registered a major reduction of NO_x and smoke emissions, corresponding to 75.24% and 53.07% respectively, as compared to diesel fuel at normal mode.     

An active direction control method in rotating detonation combustor

rotating direction of detonation waves is one of the essential characteristics of the unsteady flow fields in the rotating detonation combustors (RDCs). However, it changes over time and is challenging to predict. Pre-detonator is commonly used to initiate the RDC in experiments. Intuitively, the detonation wave should continue in the direction of the pre-detonator. Unfortunately, experimental results often contradict this expectation. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of a rotating detonation combustor installed with a pre-detonator are performed in the present study. The numerical experiments show that the pre-detonator induces two counter-rotating detonation waves in the annular chamber and fails in fixed-direction initiation. Furthermore, we propose an active direction control method in the present study. This method utilizes the pre-detonator as a control device and successfully regulates the detonation waves along the pre-detonator direction. The active direction control method allows adjusting the propagating direction of detonation waves anytime during the RDC operation. By this method, multiple waves tend to be produced in the flow field, enhancing the stability of the rotating detonation combustor.     

柴油机喷油器喷孔空泡雾化的研究

作者对柴油机喷孔空泡雾化的特性进行了研究，分析了喷孔内空泡产生的机理，并建立了计算模型。该模型考虑了喷射压力、喷孔几何结构、燃烧室条件、孔内流动损失与空穴因素，为喷雾的多维模拟提供了准确的初始条件。三维数值模拟计算结果表明，空泡雾化促进了喷孔出口液核的分裂，加剧了喷束的二次雾化，以考虑空雾化模型为计算初始条件，其在喷射速度、液滴尺寸（SMD）和贯穿距的计算结果更符合实际喷雾测量。     

电控柴油机高压共轨系统的开发及性能匹配研究

介绍了电控D6114B型柴油机开发过程中所研制的电控高压共轨喷油系统零部件的结构、工作原理及制造过程中的难点及解决途径,进行了电控喷油系统的台架一致性试验,完成了柴油机控制策略和性能匹配研究。试验结果表明:柴油机更换电控喷油系统后,经济性、PM和气体排放物均比原机有较大的改善。     

发动机气门材料应用及进展

本文介绍了一般发动机气门的工作状况和进排气门材料应用进展情况以及气门锥面强化合金在气门设计中的应用,着重介绍了目前普遍采用的一种新的成熟的气门锥面强化合金伊顿６号合金并且与司太立６号合金在硬度,耐磨性能,抗腐蚀性能等方面进行比较分析。     

汽车内燃机润滑油换油期研究现状及趋势

论述了研究汽车内燃机润滑油换油期的重要性,分析了确定换油期各种方法的特点及发展趋势,提出了今后研究的方向。     

臭氧强化内燃机燃烧研究

对臭氧强化内燃机燃烧的机理进行了探讨;并采用高频高压脉冲洞面放电技术,成功地研制了一台柴油机用臭氧发生装置;利用该装置,以空气为原料产生臭氧,对进 含有一定浓度臭氧的柴油机的燃烧及排放性能进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,臭氧具有催化和强化内燃机燃烧的作用,臭氧助燃可通过改善燃烧达到节能和净化排放的目的。     

循环模拟技术在可变长度进气管设计中的应用

改进进气系统,提高充量系数是改善汽油机动力性能的一个重要措施。利用Boost软件建立循环模拟计算模型,研究进气管长度和直径对发动机充气效率以及性能的影响规律,确定利用循环模模拟技术设计可变长度进气管的工作流程。对某四缸汽油机计算结果表明,采用可变长度进气管结构,比原机有更高的充量系数,改善了发动机的动力性能。     

发动机缸体瞬态强度分析

针对发动机缸体结构复杂,工作过程中受到多种交变激振力作用的特点,建立了较详细的缸体瞬态强度分析有限元模型,模拟了缸体在发动机工作过程中的动态强度变化历程。得出：缸体与缸盖及变速器相连的紧固螺栓孔周围的整体应力水平较高,但随发动机工作负荷变化的波动量较小;缸体主轴承座周围动态应力和变形成分较高,且随发动机工作负荷变化的波动量较大;而缸体两侧壁的动态变形和应力与静态变形和应力水平较低。研究表明：在建模时考虑活塞和曲轴对缸体的接触作用,合理简化缸体结构,准确深入揭示工作过程中缸体的动态强度随时间的变化,为缸体动态结构强度设计提供可靠依据。