锰、锆对铜锌铝催化剂结构的影响及其对己二酸二甲酯加氢制备1,6-己二醇的催化性能

考察锰、锆助剂对铜锌铝催化剂己二酸二甲酯选择加氢制1,6-己二醇的影响,通过XRD、SEM、N_2吸附-脱附、H_2-TPR和XPS研究催化剂物化性能。结果表明,锰、锆助剂均有效提高催化剂活性,同时引入两种助剂,催化剂活性和产物选择性进一步提高,表现出较强的协同效应。在入口温度200℃、反应压力5.0 MPa、空速0.2 h~(-1)和氢酯物质的量比170条件下,对CuZnMnZr/Al催化剂进行活性及稳定性考察,催化剂稳定运行500 h,己二酸二甲酯转化率99%,1,6-己二醇选择性98%。     

Ru-Fe/Al_2O_3氧化-还原性能探究

以Al_2O_3为载体,RuCl_3·xH_2O和FeCl_3·6H_2O为活性组分前驱体,采用吸附-沉淀法制备了Ru-Fe/Al_2O_3和Ru/Al_2O_3催化剂,以马来酸二甲酯加氢合成丁二酸二甲酯为探针反应,结合H_2-TPR和XRD表征技术,考察Fe改性Ru基催化剂的氧化-还原性能及催化活性。经氧化-还原循环处理后,催化剂Ru-Fe/Al_2O_3上马来酸二甲酯加氢活性高于Ru/Al_2O_3。XRD结果显示,经处理的Ru-Fe/Al_2O_3上未见金属Ru的特征衍射峰,而Ru/Al_2O_3上出现了金属Ru的特征衍射峰。结合H_2-TPR结果推断,Ru与Fe之间发生了相互作用,这种协同作用可以改善Ru/Al_2O_3催化剂的热稳定性。     

硅铝比对钙镁耦合作用降低煤灰熔融性的影响研究

利用化学试剂配制不同硅铝比的模拟煤灰,探究不同硅铝比模拟灰的流动温度随灰中钙镁配比的变化规律;并借助XRD、SEM-EDX分析矿物转化过程,初探钙镁耦合作用发生机理.结果表明:随着硅铝比的增加,钙镁耦合作用降低煤灰熔融性的强度先增大后减弱,且在Si/Al为1.5时最大;钙长石与镁橄榄石发生低温共熔是钙镁耦合作用降低煤灰熔融性的主要原因.Si/Al为1.0和4.0时,随着模拟灰中镁钙比的增大,钙长石低温共熔体系及辉石类矿物低温共熔体系的建立,使得煤灰流动温度一直下降,未表现出耦合作用.钙镁含量相同的灰渣中,随硅铝比的增加,灰渣由片块状向团聚状、絮状转变;SEM-EDX分析结果与XRD分析结果一致.     

Degradation of C.I. Acid Orange 7 by heterogeneous Fenton oxidation in combination with ultrasonic irradiation

BACKGROUND: A mesoporous alumina supported nanosized Fe₂O₃ was prepared through an original synthesis procedure and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Fenton process degradation of the model azo dye C.I. Acid Orange 7 enhanced by ultrasound irradiation (US/Fe₂O₃‐Al₂O₃‐meso/H₂O₂ system). The effect of various operating conditions was investigated, namely hydrogen peroxide concentration, initial pH, ultrasonic power and catalyst loading. RESULTS: The results indicated that the degradation of C.I. Acid Orange 7 followed a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. There exists an optimal hydrogen peroxide concentration, initial pH, ultrasonic power and catalyst loading for decolorization. The aggregate size of the spent catalyst was reduced after dispersion in water by ultrasonic irradiation. A very low level of iron leaching was observed ranging from < 0.1 to 0.23 mg L^?1. The intermediate products of C.I. Acid Orange 7 degradation were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). CONCLUSION: The optimal conditions for efficient C.I. Acid Orange 7 degradation were pH close to 3, hydrogen peroxide concentration 4 mmol L^?1, catalyst loading 0.3 g L^?1, and ultrasonic power 80 W. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Catalytic activity of Pt‐Re‐Pb/Al2O3 naphtha reforming catalysts

BACKGROUND: The main purpose of the naphtha reforming process is to obtain high octane naphtha, aromatic compounds and hydrogen. The catalysts are bifunctional in nature, having both acid and metal sites. The metal function is supplied by metal particles (Pt with other promoters like Re, Ge, Sn, etc.) deposited on the support. The influence of the addition of Pb to Pt‐Re/Al₂O₃ naphtha reforming catalysts was studied in this work. The catalysts were prepared by co‐impregnation and they were characterized by means of temperature programmed reduction, thermal programmed desorption of pyridine and several test reactions such as cyclohexane dehydrogenation, cyclopentane hydrogenolysis and n‐heptane reforming. RESULTS: It was found that Pb interacts strongly with the (Pt‐Re) active phase producing decay in the metal function activity. Hydrogenolysis is more affected than dehydrogenation. Part of the Pb is deposited over the support decreasing the acidity and the strength of the most acidic sites. CONCLUSION: The n‐heptane reforming reaction shows that Pb modifies the stability and selectivity of the Pt‐Re catalysts. Small Pb additions increase the stability and greatly improve the selectivity to C₇ isomers and aromatics while they decrease the formation of low value products such as methane and gases. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Ca1-3x/2Al2Si2O8:xEu3+荧光粉的发光和光温传感特性

为了探究稀土离子掺杂铝硅酸盐的光温特性,本文采用燃烧合成法制备了系列荧光粉材料Ca_1-3x/2Al₂Si₂O₈:xEu³⁺。X射线衍射结果表明掺杂Eu³⁺离子不会改变基质CaAl₂Si₂O₈的晶体结构。荧光光谱结果表明该荧光粉在近紫外光区域具有较强吸收,当被波长为393 nm的近紫外光激发后,其最大特征发射峰为611 nm,且Eu³⁺离子的最佳掺杂浓度为0.05。利用上升时间测温法研究了CaAl₂Si₂O₈:Eu³⁺荧光粉的光温传感特性,结果表明:随着Eu³⁺掺杂浓度的增加,上升时间单调递减,但当掺杂掺杂超过0.100时就会发生淬灭。Ca_0.985Al₂Si₂O₈:0.01Eu³⁺的相对灵敏度随温度的升高先增大后减小,并在520 K时达到最大值（0.024 K^-1）。上述研究表明该荧光粉具备优异的温度传感性能,在测温领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

超微细Al_2O_3与PMMA溶液复合技术的研究

利用溶液复合技术制备了超微细Ａｌ２Ｏ３粒子与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）的复合材料。ＳＥＭ证示采用乙酸乙酯作溶剂，可以将超微细Ａｌ２Ｏ３很好地分散于ＰＭＭＡ基体中，力学性能测试结果表明超微细Ａｌ２Ｏ３对ＰＭ－ＭＡ具有很好的增韧增强作用，当Ａｌ２Ｏ３用量为１０％，粒子半径为０．０５μｍ时，ＰＭＭＡ的拉伸强度增加３倍，缺口冲击强度增加了１０倍。差热分析结果说明超微细Ａｌ２Ｏ３加入ＰＭＭＡ后，提高了ＰＭＭＡ的热分解温度，降低了Ａｌ２Ｏ３的相转变温度，预示超微细Ａｌ２Ｏ３与ＰＭＭＡ可能发生了化学结合。     

快速凝固热强Al-4Ti-2V-3La合金的显微结构和力学性能的研究

采用金相（ＯＭ）、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）等先进技术研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－４Ｔｉ－２Ｖ－３Ｌａ合金，确定了基体中弥散分布的细小强化相为单一的Ａｌ２０（Ｔｉ，Ｖ）２Ｌａ相，结构为金刚石立方结构，晶格常数ａ＝１．４７ｎｍ。该性能接近当前较成熟的热强铝合金，说明快凝Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｌａ基合金作为热强铝合金具有潜在的实力。     

DO3型Fe—28Al—1.5Mn合金有序结构的探讨

本文利用Ｘ射线衍射分析和透射电子显微镜对ＤＯ３型Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－１．５Ｍｎ合金的微观有序结构进行观察、分析．结果表明，合金元素Ｍｎ降低ＤＯ３型Ｆｅ３Ａｌ的有序化程度，ＤＯ３型Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－１．５Ｍｎ合金的超位错主要为二组态位错，其交滑移容易．Ｍｎ对合金微观有序结构的影响是Ｍｎ改善ＤＯ３型Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金宏观塑性的主要原因．     

颗粒掺杂对Al基β-PbO_2复合材料性能的影响

在Al/Pb/α-PbO2-WC表面恒电流电沉积制备了β-PbO2-WC(Co3O4)复合沉积层,获得了Al/Pb/α-PbO2-WC/β-PbO2-WC(Co3O4)复合材料.考察了WC、Co3O4颗粒掺杂对β-PbO2复合材料物理性能及其在锌电积模拟体系中的耐蚀性、析氧电催化活性、交流阻抗特性的影响.结果表明:WC与Co3O4颗粒在β-PbO2中的掺杂,提高了复合材料的显微硬度,降低了电阻率及锌电积模拟体系中的析氧过电位,增强了锌电积模拟体系中的耐腐蚀性能.