对生油岩有机污染问题的初步探讨

简要论述了岩样从地下到地面过程中受有机污染的三种主要方式、污染程度的定量表示和识别污染的方法。     

Numerical analysis of welding residual stress using heat source models for the multi-pass weldment

Numerical prediction of welding-induced residual stresses using the finite element method has been a common practice in the development or refinement of welded product designs. Various researchers have studied several thermal models associated with the welding process. Among these thermal models, ramp heat input and double-ellipsoid moving source have been investigated. These heat-source models predict the temperature fields and history with or without accuracy. However, these models can predict the thermal characteristics of the welding process that influence the formation of the inherent plastic strains, which ultimately determines the final state of residual stresses in the weldment. The magnitude and distribution of residual stresses are compared. Although the two models predict similar magnitude of the longitudinal stress, the double-ellipsoid moving source model predicts wider tensile stress zones than the other one. And, both the ramp heating and moving source models predict the stress results in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.     

高成熟阶段膏岩等盐类物质在烃源岩热解生烃过程中的催化作用

东营凹陷民丰地区沙四段是典型的盐湖相沉积,也是重要烃源灶和天然气产层。为了查明民丰地区深层天然气成因,采用高压釜封闭体系实验模拟了高成熟盐湖相烃源岩的天然气生成过程。实验结果表明：碳酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化盐对烃源岩热解生成天然气有强烈的催化作用,550℃时气态烃产率分别增加了35％、77％和46％。热模拟气与民丰天然气的C6轻烃组分比较发现,膏盐等盐类物质改变了气态烃产物中各单组分化合物的生成路径,影响了气态烃产物的组成。上述盐类物质参与的烃源岩热解过程所生气态烃的组成与民丰天然气最接近。这一结论对认识高成熟盐湖相天然气的生成过程及民丰地区天然气成因有重要意义。     

新安矿井突水水源的水化学特征分析

以新安矿区的水文地质条件为前提,采用pipor三线图、阿廖金分类以及数学综合分析等水化学分析方法,对该区井田内主要含水层的水化学成分进行了研究,确定出井下突水各水源的水化学特征差别,对查明井下突水水源有明确的指导意义,为突水防治提供了可靠的依据。     

深部含油气性的几个问题

根据蒂曼—伯朝拉和西西伯利亚含油气省深井、超深井资料,介绍了深层构造、储集层、烃源岩及生油气潜力等方面的最新研究成果;分析了预测的生烃潜力与实际情况不一致的原因;给出了地层中的游离甲烷和伴生甲烷在一个较宽深度范围内的分布资料;指出了在评估深层和超深层钻探前景时,单独预测其油气潜力的必要性;在研究俄罗斯深部油气潜力时,应进行超深井钻探,其钻探成果具有很高信息价值     

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渡口河气田下三叠统飞仙关组气藏是四川盆地近年来钻探发现的重要气藏之一,也是目前川东地区在飞仙关组内发现的储层品质最佳、资源量最丰富的气藏,预测含气面积逾１００ ｋｍ２ ,天然气资源量达数百亿立方米。气藏的储集岩以白云石化改造形成的残余鲕粒云岩为主,辅以鲕粒灰岩;储层孔、洞、缝发育,有效厚度大;储层的空隙类型多,储集空间主要是残余粒间、粒内溶蚀孔、洞;裂缝和孔隙喉道为渗滤通道;气藏的圈闭类型为岩性圈闭,属常压、高含硫化氢的气藏。紧邻的五宝场地区地震预测存在５ 个岩性圈闭,天然气资源量达数百亿立方米,可作为重要的勘探目标。     

赣北地区农村饮用水水源水质概况及水源地保护

通过调查南昌、九江、上饶3个地区的农村饮水安全工程的水源地,结果显示赣北地区农村饮用水水源水质良好,达到国家Ⅲ类水标准,但也存在地表水中总磷、细菌总数超标,地下水中Mn含量超标的情况.主要污染源来自农业面源污染、工矿企业生产活动及废水排放污染等.赣北地区农村饮用水水源地保护工作有待加强,需通过技术和管理两个层面来保护农村饮用水水源地.     

Source Choice Perception and Sustainable Rural Water Supply Development: A Case Study of Ban Thadindam,Lopburi, Thailand

Abstract

This study seeks to examine source choice perception and sustainable rural water supply development in Ban Thadindam, a Thai village situated about 220 km north of Bangkok. It makes use of an elementary schematic matrix that was initially developed for the valuation of water sources as perceived by water users in East Africa. In applying the elementary choice scheme, the author interviewed the village Kamnan (district officer) and a few villagers. The results of this study show that a wide range of water supply sources was perceived by the Kamnan. Out of a practical range of six sources, four were perceived and accepted, roof (rain water), river, spring, and pond; and two were perceived but not accepted: well and canal. The reason why well and canal water sources were rejected was because of their hardness and turbidity. Of the four sources accepted, roof (rain water) was rated very favorably as the preferred choice while river, spring, and pond sources were judged equally favorable. Awareness of source choice and the conditions under which choice is made is crucial for the understanding and development of sustainable rural water supply. By adopting a wide combination of sources and integrating them to provide a rich water supply for treatment, and by taking advantage of filtration technology given by the Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Division, the villagers, with the help of the Project Managing Committee, transformed the demonstration filtration facility into a sustainable rural water supply system. The latter succeeded not only in providing adequate filtered water for the majority of the households in Ban Thadindam but also in satisfying the water requirements for the whole village for two decades. The success of the rural water supply system has been attributable to many factors, but most important was the awareness the villagers have in the understanding of the interrelations between landscape, range of choice and the interaction between community participation, technology, and environment.     

垂直流人工湿地系统保护饮用水源的实例

简述了复合垂直流人工湿地污水处理系统专有技术的由来,并结合石岩人工湿地一期工程叙述了垂直流人工湿地的工艺原理、技术特点、植物特点、处理效果等,结果表明采用垂直流人工湿地生态污水处理系统保护饮用水源,能达到污水净化和美化环境的“双赢”目标。