Proliferation resistance properties of u and Pu isotopes

The present study provides a quantitative basis for assessment of proliferation resistance properties of U and Pu isotopes.

Within the large area of issues covered by term of proliferation resistance, the only technical characteristics were chosen as a subject for discussion. The present study concentrates on intrinsic proliferation resistance features focusing the material characteristics associated with bare critical mass (BCM), decay heat (DH) and spontaneous-fission neutrons (SFN), which are treated as the main constituents of isotopic barriers against proliferation. The present study aims at determining major proliferation resistant attributes for U and Pu. This determination is largely based on analysis of their critical bare spheres. The MCNP code coupled with JENDL 3.2 data library is the main tool applied for this study. The other characteristics were summarized from the data available in scientific literature.     

易燃液体危险品闭杯闪点与持续燃烧试验探讨

闭杯闪点是评估液体易燃危险性的重要指标之一,持续燃烧试验则用于测定物质在试验条件下加热并暴露于火焰时是否持续燃烧,通过实验探究不同测试标准下易燃液体危险品闭杯闪点低于35 ℃、55 ℃≤闭杯闪点＜63 ℃的特点及其持续燃烧情况。结果表明：存在闭杯闪点低于35 ℃但被定为不持续燃烧的液体,首次提出能否将此类液体划分为非易燃液体;55 ℃≤闭杯闪点＜63 ℃的液体在某一适合测定方法条件下闭杯闪点低于60 ℃且被测定为持续燃烧的液体,建议划分为易燃液体。此探讨将为研究易燃液体危险性评估及分类提供参考。     

毛乌素沙地主要树种燃烧性研究

树种含水率、热值、灰分、着火温度等理化指标对其燃烧性起重要作用,可影响森林火灾发生难易程度、燃烧速度、强度和能量释放大小等,也是筛选防火树种的重要依据。以毛乌素沙地21种主要树种为研究对象,以各树种含水率、热值、着火温度、粗脂肪、灰分值为数据基础,利用主成分分析法进行燃烧性综合排序。研究结果：（1）乔木树种燃烧性由大到小排序为：云杉、樟子松、侧柏、油松、河北杨、杏树、合作杨、新疆杨、火炬树、刺槐;灌木树种燃烧性排序为：沙地柏、沙柳、柠条、野樱桃、花棒、沙蒿、踏郎、紫穗槐、红瑞木、水蜡、沙棘。（2）乔灌树种燃烧性排序可知,强抗火树种：新疆杨、火炬树、刺槐、紫穗槐、红瑞木、水蜡、沙棘;可抗火性树种：油松、河北杨、杏树、合作杨、野樱桃、花棒、沙蒿、踏郎;弱抗火性树种：云杉、樟子松、侧柏、沙地柏、沙柳、柠条。树种燃烧性排序可为毛乌素沙地内抗火性树种筛选提供科学依据,预防和降低该区域火灾发生频率,保护沙地内生态资源。     

表面活性剂作用下致密水湿砂岩的渗吸特征

针对致密油藏低孔低渗的特点,笔者通过核磁共振测试的方法开展了致密水湿砂岩的自发渗吸实验,研究了表面活性剂作用下的致密岩心自发渗吸驱油机理及其对不同孔隙中油相的动用程度。实验证明,小孔隙吸水大孔隙排油是致密水湿砂岩渗吸驱油的主要机理,渗吸对小孔隙中原油的动用程度远高于其他孔隙,达到了70%以上,渗吸采油可以成为致密油藏开发的一种有效开采方式。研究也发现,十二烷基硫酸钠与其他表面活性剂相比表面活性剂,在促进油滴活化,提高洗油效率等方面效果更明显,提高了渗吸效率,乳化作用可能在渗吸采油中发挥着重要的作用。     

浅埋深煤层矿井高负压区巷道堵漏风技术研究

板定梁塔煤井田外围存在大范围露天开挖煤层自燃火区,与原矿井老采空区相互沟通,在矿井负压通风的影响下,促进火区的发展及蔓延,并将大量的CO气体引到板定梁塔煤矿井田范围内,严重影响矿井的安全生产。通过对矿井高负压区巷道漏风特点进行分析,选择天固充填材料对巷道漏风通道进行封堵,并针对巷道浅表漏风通道和巷道深部漏风通道分别采取不同的治理方案,最终实现漏风通道的封堵,为板定梁塔煤矿的安全生产提供保障。     

大城市新就业人员的自发型聚居空间解析

随着我国高校教育体制的改革和大城市的快速发展,大量刚毕业不久的大学生涌入并滞留在大城市,形成具有明显阶段性特征的弱势群体——新就业人员,并产生了严峻的居住困难问题。研究以南京市新就业人员为例,从微观视角出发,对这一群体的社会特征及现状聚居空间进行系统的解析,挖掘南京市新就业人员聚居区的现存问题,并提出相应的建议。     

考虑应力作用的煤岩水相自吸实验研究

我国煤层气储层渗透率普遍偏低,为达到合理产能需进行压裂改造。煤层气储层裂隙发育导致压裂液滤失严重,强吸附能力使流体得不到有效返排,造成储层损害降低了渗流能力,大大削弱了增产改造的效果。开展了煤岩水相自吸实验,系统研究了煤岩水相自吸特性及应力状态的影响。结果表明,煤样渗透率越高自吸速率越大,自吸曲线可以分为自吸和扩散吸附2段,考虑应力作用自吸速率降低近一个数量级,揭示了煤岩物性和应力条件是煤岩水相自吸的影响因素。通过煤吸附水机理和煤岩孔隙结构分析指出,煤表面与水的相互作用和毛细管压力决定了水的自吸特性。研究获得的认识对煤岩气藏水相圈闭评价、压裂方式优选和压裂液设计具有借鉴意义。     

凤凰山矿采空区自燃“三带”分布规律研究

根据凤凰山矿151309工作面现场数据,运用Fluent软件模拟了该工作面采空区在不同通风量情况下三带的分布情况;根据采空区自燃"三带"理论及其划分主指标,结合该工作面现场"三带"的观测数据,在配风量为1 300 m3/min时,分析了采空区O2浓度的变化规律,确定了采空区三带的分布情况,与模拟结果基本一致,验证了模拟结果的正确性,为后期采空区自燃的防治提供了依据。     

Experimental study of ignited unsteady hydrogen releases from a high pressure reservoir

In order to simulate an accidental hydrogen release from the high pressure pipe system of a hydrogen facility a systematic study on the nature of transient hydrogen jets into air and their combustion behavior was performed at the KIT hydrogen test site HYKA. Horizontal unsteady hydrogen jets from a reservoir of 0.37 dm³ with initial pressures of up to 200 bar have been investigated. The hydrogen jets released via round nozzles 3, 4, and 10 mm were ignited with different ignition times and positions. The experiments provide new experimental data on pressure loads and heat releases resulting from the deflagration of hydrogen–air clouds formed by unsteady turbulent hydrogen jets released into a free environment. It is shown that the maximum pressure loads occur for ignition in a narrow position and time window. The possible hazard potential arising from an ignited free transient hydrogen jet is described.     

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plumule polysaccharide protects the spleen and liver from spontaneous inflammation in non-obese diabetic mice by modulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression

A novel lotus plumule polysaccharide (LPPS) was administered to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice for 15 weeks to evaluate the protective effects of LPPS on type 1 diabetes. After the 15-week feeding experiment, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 expressions in the spleen, liver and kidney of the experimental mice were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The results showed that LPPS significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the absolute weights of the enlarged spleens in the NOD mice in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 cytokine production and decreased the secretion ratio of IL-6/IL-10 in splenocyte cultures. LPPS markedly decreased the relative expression of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10) in the livers of NOD mice. Our results suggest that LPPS protected the spleen and liver from spontaneous inflammation in NOD mice by modulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression.