锶对连续定向凝固Al-Si共晶合金组织与性能的影响

本文采用新型的连续定向凝固装置,考察了锶对 Al-12.7%Si 共晶合金连续定向凝固组织及性能的影响。研究表明,在凝固速度为0.02～2.0mm/s 范围内,随凝固速度的增加,Al-12.7%Si合金连续定向凝固组织中共晶 Si 经历了片/纤维转变,且随凝固速度的增加,Si 纤维不断细化,合金的抗拉强度及延伸率不断提高;锶的加入使片/纤维转变的临界速度变小,Si 纤维更加细小,抗拉强度和延伸率明显提高。     

极低放射性废物填埋场中同位素迁移与屏障研究

在查明场址地球化学特征的基础上,研究了238U、90Sr在场址包气带土壤中的吸附与迁移特征。设计了一系列非均匀介质实验模型,研究了在瞬时源和连续源条件下238U、90Sr在非均匀介质中的迁移特征。同位素迁移屏障研究在研究场址围岩对核素的吸附特征的基础上,筛选出合适的矿物添加剂以提高场址岩土对90Sr迁移的屏障能力。结果表明,238U和90Sr在场址土壤中迁移速度分别为0.365和0.385mm/a。非均匀介质对同位素迁移影响首先是减弱了主流体的污染强度,同时延长了污染作用时间;添加剂人造沸石可作为90Sr迁移屏障材料。     

~(133)Cs和~(88)Sr在蚕豆苗中的蓄积及其辐射损伤效应

通过水培试验研究了蚕豆苗对不同浓度133Cs和88Sr的蓄积及其辐射损伤效应。本实验利用原子吸收方法测定蚕豆苗对133Cs和88Sr的蓄积量,研究了133Cs和88Sr在蚕豆苗各部位的分布及对其生理影响。结果表明:在133Cs和88Sr所设不同浓度下,蚕豆苗地上部和根部的133Cs和88Sr蓄积量均随浓度梯度升高而增加,表现出根部含量地上部含量,133Cs含量88Sr含量。随着时间的推移,蚕豆苗对溶液中133Cs和88Sr蓄积量表现出先骤升后趋于平稳的趋势;随核素浓度的上升,根系活力均表现为先增强后减弱的趋势;蚕豆苗叶片中的丙二醛含量增加,叶片中丙二醛含量变化均较根系的大。88Sr处理组中的可溶性糖含量高于133Cs处理组。     

上海市长寿老人的头发微量元素谱特征

微量元素与人体健康和疾病有着密切的联系,特别是一些必需微量元素,它们通过参与酶、激素、蛋白质、核酸等的合成及代谢功能,对人体的生长、发育、衰老、死亡起着至关重要的作用。近年来,微量元素对人类寿命的影响已引起人们的注意。头发是一种化学组成均匀而稳定的物质,金属微量元素一旦与毛囊中的硫基(-SH)结合就被固定而不易被机体重新吸收或脱落。头发也和皮肤一样参与机体的代谢过程,是代谢的最终产物,头发中的元素浓度可反映人体内存在的元素的平均浓度。因而测定头发中的微量元素含量可为生长、发育和衰老研究提供重要信息。本工作的目的在于通过测定九十岁以上长寿老人发中的十种必需元素含量,探讨长寿老人的微量元素谱特征。     

Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3–Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 Composite Oxygen Electrodes for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

In this paper, a series of Sm_0.5Sr_0.5CoO₃–Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9 (SSC–SDC) composite with different ratios were prepared and characterized as oxygen electrodes for solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was selected as the electrolyte with a SDC barrier layer to avoid detrimental solid state interaction between SSC and YSZ. At 850 °C, the impedance spectra showed that the optimum SDC content in the composite electrode was found to be about 30 wt.%, which showed a much lower area specific resistance of 0.03 Ω cm². The electrochemical performances of a Ni–YSZ hydrogen electrode supported YSZ membrane SOEC with the SSC–SDC73 oxygen electrode were also measured at 750–850 °C. The hydrogen production rate calculated from the Faraday's law was 327 mL cm^–2 h^–1 at 850 °C at an electrolysis voltage of 1.3 V with a steam concentration of ∼40%, which indicated that the SSC–SDC73 was a promising oxygen electrode candidate for high temperature electrolysis cells.     

In-situ segregation of A-site defect (La0.6Sr0.4)0.90Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ to form a high-performance solid oxide fuel cell cathode material with heterostructure

As a potential cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells, the commercial application of La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ (LSCF) has to face the challenges in insufficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, segregation of Sr element, and CO₂ poisoning. Therefore, the effect of A-site non-stoichiometry on the electrochemical performance of (LS)_1-xCFs (x = ?0.05, 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) from the aspect of microstructure/elemental surface chemical environment evolution is investigated in this paper. The results show that (LS)_0.90CF has the best ORR activity and the highest electrochemical performance. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the (LS)_0.90CF/Co₂FeO₄/CoFe₂O₄-type heterostructure, formed by in-situ segregation induced by A-site defects, which improves the surface oxygen diffusion coefficient and chemical bulk diffusion coefficient of the cathode. At the same time, the A-site defect can effectively inhibit the segregation of Sr element in (LS)_0.90CF, thereby improving the tolerance of CO₂. At 800 °C, the area-specific resistance (ASR) of (LS)_0.90CF (0.023 Ω cm²) is 66.7% lower than that of LSCF (0.069 Ω cm²), and the peak power density (1.57 Wcm^?2) is 1.8 times higher than that of LSCF (0.87 Wcm^?2). Therefore, perovskite A-site defect-induced B-site segregation to form heterostructures provides an effective strategy for the preparation of high-performance cathode materials.     

硅衬底Sr_(1-x)La_xTiO_3薄膜光敏特性研究

利用氩离子束镀膜技术在 Si O2 / Si衬底上淀积钛酸镧锶 (Sr1 - x L ax Ti O3)膜 ,并制成平面型电阻器。研究了薄膜电阻器的光电流与照度、电压和电极间距的关系以及薄膜在调制光下的频率特性 ,计算出薄膜中载流子寿命约为 2 9ms。结果表明 ,Sr1 - x L ax Ti O3薄膜在可见光区域具有较好的光敏特性 ,其灵敏度和光电导增益都比较高。在弱照度下 ,光电流随照度变化较快 ,主要与单分子复合过程相关 ;而在强照度下 ,变化趋于缓慢 ,这与双分子复合过程有关     

Sr对AZ91镁合金热稳定性及疲劳性能的影响

对AZ91镁合金中加入质量分数0．5％Sr后其热稳定性与疲劳性能进行了研究．结果表明：经固溶处理后。AZ91—0．5Sr合金比AZ91合金具有更好的热稳定性；高周疲劳试验中发现。在AZ91—0．5Sr合金试样断口上有规则的海滩波纹状辉纹．而AZ91合金试样没有明显的辉纹．只有少量的撕裂棱。说明AZ91-0．5Sr合金比AZ91合金具有更好的疲劳性能．     

高岭土类粘土矿物材料对模拟核素Sr、Co、Cs的吸附性能研究

对苏州高岭土、北川埃洛石、贵州遵义埃洛石吸附Sr、Co、Cs的性能进行了实验研究,结果表明:①高岭土类粘土矿物对Sr2 、Co2 、Cs2 的吸附能力随着pH值增大而增强,在碱性条件下对Sr2 、Co2 、Cs2 的吸附能力随碱性程度的增加而快速增大;②高岭土类粘土矿物对Sr2 、Co2 、Cs2 的吸附随着吸附剂量的增大,吸附率逐渐增大,单位质量吸附量明显减小;③母液浓度增大,单位质量吸附量增加,吸附率减小;④贵州埃洛石、北川埃洛石对Sr2 、Co2 、Cs2 的吸附性能相近,埃洛石对Sr2 、Co2 、Cs2 的吸附能力好于苏州高岭土。