浅薄层稠油油藏资源二次利用的一种方法—加密井蒸汽吞吐

由于河南油田稠油油藏具有“浅、薄、稠、散”的特点，所以蒸汽吞吐平均6个周期后，开发指标和经济指标明显降低。蒸汽吞吐后剩余油分布为：100m×141m及五点法并网，剩余油分布较为集中，100m×100m反七点法并网，剩余油分布零散；经济分析结果表明：浅薄层稠油油藏加密井吞吐单井的经济极限产量为1200～1500t，当油层厚度大于5.0m、纯总厚度比大于0.5，以及单井控制死油区面积大于0．5×10－2km2，且死油区离边水距离大于150m时，可进行加密，加密井蒸汽吞吐采收率可达14％左右。不同并网的加密方式为：100m×141m及五点法井网，采用直并加密方式；100m×100m反七点法并网，采用水平并加密方式。     

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国外输气干线的增压,都以燃气轮机作压缩机的动力。我国自50年代起生产了一批样机,主要用于发电。本文提出,在国内即将引进生产新型燃气轮机时,应考虑解决适用于干线增压的技术配套等问题。     

正丁烷水蒸汽催化转化反应动力学

用内循环式无梯度反应器研究了正丁烷和水蒸汽在 Z409催化剂上的转化反应动力学。实验结果表明在实验条件范围内反应产物除氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳及甲烷以外,不含其他烃类,而且水煤气变换反应始终接近热力学平衡。提出了该反应系统的反应模式。假定催化剂表面上存在两类活性位,且烃类的 C-C 键很快地断裂而生成单碳中间化合物,继而转变为碳-组分(即 CO,CO_2及 CH_4)。根据所提出的反应模式导出了各个反应的速率方程,与实验结果甚相符合。     

民治水电站水轮机进水阀选择研究

长期以来，我国水电站水轮机进水阀选择蝴蝶阀或球阀通常以200m水头为界。民治水电站最大水头238．46m，随着新规范的出台，水轮机进水阀型式采用蝴蝶阀还是球阀还需仔细斟酌。通过对两种阀型进行技术经济比较、设计制造难度与可行性分析，认为民治水电站水轮机进水阀采用蝴蝶阀是完全可行的。     

S550Q＋Z35钢焊接工艺及其残余应力测试成果分析

小湾水电站水轮机座环、过渡板和舌板采用德国进口的S550Q＋Z35钢板制造，该钢种碳当量Ceq、裂纹敏感性Pcm高，容易产生焊接冷裂纹。着重介绍该钢种的焊接工艺试验研究结果和焊后局部消应力热处理成果。通过小湾电站座环在工地的焊接实践，证明上述研究成果是成功的，从而克服了该钢种容易出现焊接冷裂纹的技术难题。     

600MW超临界机组设计优化探讨

以某2×600MW超临界机组工程为例,从确保机组投运后能够安全、经济、可靠、环保运行的角度出发,针对汽机油系统、主设备附件、疏水系统、辅机及系统等方面存在的问题提出了优化方案;同时对真空泵、循环泵等重要辅机投产后的故障进行了分析,提出了相应的处理建议.     

风电机组液压式风轮锁卡死故障分析及对策研究

阐述风力发电机组液压式风轮锁的工作原理,针对现有风轮锁在运行过程中出现的卡死故障原因进行分析,并提出相应的解决方案,为风轮锁今后的改进及优化提供了参考。     

基于激光自混合原理的涡轮叶片转速与叶尖间隙动态同步测量方法

针对在高温等恶劣环境下,航空发动机高转速下涡轮叶尖间隙测量稳定性差、易受干扰、精准度低等问题,提出一种基 于激光自混合原理的涡轮叶片转速与叶尖间隙动态同步测量方法。 首先,提出基于三镜 F-P 腔模型的自混合干涉模型,并以此 为基础构建测速和测距的数学模型;其次着重研究了涡轮叶片转动下动态自混合干涉信号的处理,将采集到的信号依次经过带 通滤波以及小波降噪处理,再用 FFT 进行处理得到频率,由此求得叶尖间隙值;之后分别进行静态和动态激光自混合干涉测距 实验进行验证;最后探讨影响动态测量的误差源,并对测量系统以及算法进行优化补偿。 实验结果证明,该方法可以有效地提 高涡轮叶片转速与叶尖间隙的同步测量的稳定性及精度,测速相对误差为 1% ,叶尖间隙测量误差为 23 μm。     

A general momentum theory applied to an energy‐extracting actuator disc

A general momentum theory for an energy‐extracting actuator disc modelling a rotor with a multiplicity of blades having radially uniform circulation is presented that includes the effects of wake rotation and expansion. A parallel theory directed at the propeller has been published elsewhere, but not one intended for the wind turbine. The rotation of the wake is shown to be accompanied by a fall in static pressure that is additional to that which occurs across the actuator disc and accounts for the energy extraction from the wind. Energy extraction is recognized in the fully developed wake by the flow regaining the static pressure of the undisturbed wind at the expense of the kinetic energy in the wake. Because the wake is still rotating in the fully developed wake, the additional fall in static pressure appears there also and so does not augment the energy extraction. However, the additional fall in pressure would cause a discontinuity in pressure across the fully developed wake but is prevented by a further slowing down of the wake. The additional slowing down extracts a little more energy from the flow than that predicted by the simple momentum theory, which does not include wake rotation. The overall effect of wake rotation on energy extraction is very small for wind turbines operating at high tip speed ratios but can significantly increase the predicted power output for turbines operating at low tip speed ratios. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A MODEL TO EXPLAIN COMPOSITION EFFECTS IN SMELT-WATER EXPLOSIONS

A salt bridge model, which takes into account mass transfer of components between the two fluids, was developed and proved successful in interpreting the effects of composition on explosiveness in the smelt-water system. The model is based on the fact that the main smelt constituent, sodium carbonate, is not soluble in water at temperatures approaching the critical point, while certain other constituents are soluble. The soluble substances allow a substantial increase in the critical temperature of the solution, which in turn shifts the range of contact interface temperatures at which spontaneous explosions can occur (between the spontaneous nucleation temperature and the critical temperature of the coolant) to higher values. The model was able to provide an explanation of why sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulfide act as smelt sensitizers and a semiquantitative definition of the concentration ranges in smelt and in the quench solution where spontaneous explosions are likely