砂砾石地层塑性混凝土防渗墙施工工法在引黄总干三级泵站应用

文中论述了万家寨引黄工程总干三级泵站场区砂砾石地层中的混凝土防渗墙在施工中采用冲击钻孔泥浆正循环法出碴及混凝土浇筑的施工工艺。     

利用Syntool模块做好地震层位标定工作的几点感想

地震资料的应用为解决地质问题提供了广阔的思路,地震、地质和测井资料相结合更是解决油田开发中实际问题行之有效的方法.地震资料是时间域资料,地质、测井资料是深度域资料,寻找时间与深度的对应关系、做好地质层位标定工作是地震、地质及测井相结合的纽带.由于工区范围内缺乏或没有VSP资料,利用合成地震记录进行地质层位标定是进行构造解释、砂体追踪及储层预测等工作的前提.本文从多角度论述了做好合成记录标定工作的几点注意事项,以便与各位同行共同探讨.     

层式通风下送风温差对室内热舒适性的影响

针对层式通风这一新型空调通风方式,以某一典型的空调办公室为研究对象,对不同的送风温差下办公室冬季室内环境的温度场、速度场进行了探索性实验测量。结果表明在满足规范规定的送风温差的前提下,大温差送风可以提高人体活动区的温度,降低人体活动区的风速,热舒适性更高。实验研究工作为层式通风在其他相同或类似房间气流组织的设计提供参考。     

Influence of local air velocity from air conditioner evaluated by salivary and skin biomarkers

The purpose of this paper is to reveal both the psychosomatic and the physical effects of local air velocity from an air conditioner using biomarkers which can be collected noninvasively. Salivary α-amylase activity (SAA) and salivary cortisol were used as the indexes of psychosomatic effects. The total protein (TP) collected from stratum corneum was used as an index of the physical condition of dry skin. A continuous experiment over a 5 days period in summer was conducted using 8 healthy young male adults for 2-types of airflow conditioners, a whole ceiling-type air conditioner (without local air velocity) and a normal-type air conditioner (with local air velocity). The subjects felt cool, windy, dry and uncomfortable when under the normal-type air conditioner as determined in a subjective evaluation. The SAA under the normal-type air conditioner fluctuated more widely than with the whole ceiling-type air conditioner. The level of salivary cortisol decreased more in a day under the normal-type air conditioner than with the whole ceiling-type air conditioner. These results showed that reducing local air velocity may provide more healthy psychosomatic conditions over the long-term. Moreover, the TP of a drying-exposed skin area showed a significant change during this experiment whereas the TP of drying-protected area was relatively unchanged. It was indicated that one week’s exposure to local air velocity conditions possibly influences the drying of facial skin. Thus, air movement at low velocity can be provides more comfortable conditions not only psychosomatically but also physically.     

射孔-测试联合作业中的减震防漏技术

提高油管传输射孔与地层测试器联合作业的一次性成功率 ,主要在于提高减震与防漏水平。在安棚油田实施联合作业中 ,通过采取一系列减震与防漏的措施 ,大幅度地提高了射孔 -测试联合作业的成功率。     

冷藏库隔汽隔热层的施工

该文主要论述了冷藏库隔汽隔热层的施工 ,因工程特殊、质量要求高 ,所以本工程采取了周密的安排 ,从施工准备、施工工艺到该注意的几个问题都作了详尽的论述和说明 ,最终保证了工程的顺利完成 ,质量完全达到设计要求。     

甘肃寨上金矿床的控矿因素

寨上金矿区主要出露中泥盆统和下二叠统,中泥盆统分为4个岩性段,下二叠统分为2个岩性段,北矿带分布于背斜北翼下二叠统第一岩性段中,南矿带分布于核部中泥盆统第一岩性段中。地层岩性差异控制矿脉的形成和分布,矿脉产于软硬岩性接触界面且靠近软性一侧地层中,其产状与围岩具有明显的继承性。矿区构造由背斜、主干断裂和容矿断裂3部分组成。扎麻树背斜具有北薄南厚、北缓南陡、北翼正常南翼倒转的特点,走向NW,向西转折为近EW向,呈反"S"形。主干断裂和容矿断裂受控于背斜,伴随背斜的二次变形而成。矿脉夹持于主干断裂之间,分布于背斜南北两侧转折应力集中部位,受地层、背斜和断裂三者联合控制。     

Experimental investigation into the interaction between the human body and room airflow and its effect on thermal comfort under stratum ventilation

Room occupants' comfort and health are affected by the airflow. Nevertheless, they themselves also play an important role in indoor air distribution. This study investigated the interaction between the human body and room airflow under stratum ventilation. Simplified thermal manikin was employed to effectively resemble the human body as a flow obstacle and/or free convective heat source. Unheated and heated manikins were designed to fully evaluate the impact of the manikin at various airflow rates. Additionally, subjective human tests were conducted to evaluate thermal comfort for the occupants in two rows. The findings show that the manikin formed a local blockage effect, but the supply airflow could flow over it. With the body heat from the manikin, the air jet penetrated farther compared with that for the unheated manikin. The temperature downstream of the manikin was also higher because of the convective effect. Elevating the supply airflow rate from 7 to 15 air changes per hour varied the downstream airflow pattern dramatically, from an uprising flow induced by body heat to a jet‐dominated flow. Subjective assessments indicated that stratum ventilation provided thermal comfort for the occupants in both rows. Therefore, stratum ventilation could be applied in rooms with occupants in multiple rows.     

Predicting dermal absorption of gas‐phase chemicals: transient model development,evaluation, and application

A transient model is developed to predict dermal absorption of gas‐phase chemicals via direct air‐to‐skin‐to‐blood transport under non‐steady‐state conditions. It differs from published models in that it considers convective mass‐transfer resistance in the boundary layer of air adjacent to the skin. Results calculated with this transient model are in good agreement with the limited experimental results that are available for comparison. The sensitivity of the modeled estimates to key parameters is examined. The model is then used to estimate air‐to‐skin‐to‐blood absorption of six phthalate esters for scenarios in which (A) a previously unexposed occupant encounters gas‐phase phthalates in three different environments over a single 24‐h period; (B) the same as ‘A’, but the pattern is repeated for seven consecutive days. In the 24‐h scenario, the transient model predicts more phthalate absorbed into skin and less absorbed into blood than would a steady‐state model. In the 7‐day scenario, results calculated by the transient and steady‐state models converge over a time period that varies between 3 and 4 days for all but the largest phthalate (DEHP). Dermal intake is comparable to or larger than inhalation intake for DEP, DiBP, DnBP, and BBzP in Scenario ‘A’ and for all six phthalates in Scenario ‘B’.     

Research into the inversion of the induced polarization relaxation time spectrum based on the uniform amplitude sampling method

The induced polarization relaxation time spectrum (RTS) reflects the distribution of rock pore size, which is a key factor in estimating the oil or water storage capacity of strata. However, as the data acquisition and transmission abilities of well logging instruments are much limited due to the underground environment, it is necessary to explore suitable sampling methods which can be used to obtain an accurate RST with less sampling data. This paper presents a uniform amplitude sampling method (UASM), and compares it with the conventional uniform time sampling method (UTSM) and logarithm time sampling method (LTSM) in terms of the adaptability to different strata, RTS inversion accuracy, and stratum vertical resolution. Numerical simulation results show that the UASM can obtain high inversion accuracy of RTS with different kinds of pore size distribution formation, with high dynamic ranges of pore size, and with a small number of sampling points. The UASM, being able to adapt to the attenuation speed of polarization curve automatically, thus has the highest vertical resolution. The inversion results of rock samples also show that the UASM is superior to the UTSM and LTSM.