Satellite SAR Remote Sensing of Great Lakes Ice Cover,Part 2. Ice Classification and Mapping

During the 1997 winter season, shipborne polarimetric backscatter measurements of Great Lakes (freshwater) ice types using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory C-band scatterometer, together with surface-based ice physical characterization measurements and environmental parameters, were acquired concurrently with Earth Resource Satellite 2 (ERS-2) and RADARSAT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. This polarimetric data set, composed of over 20 variations of different ice types measured at incident angles from 0° to 60° for all polarizations, was processed to radar cross-section to establish a library of signatures (look-up table) for different ice types. The library is used in the computer classification of calibrated satellite SAR data. Computer analysis of ERS-2 and RADARSAT ScanSAR images of Great Lakes ice cover using a supervised classification technique indicates that different ice types in the ice cover can be identified and mapped, and that wind speed and direction can have an influence on the classification of water as ice based on single frequency, single polarization data. Once satellite SAR data are classified into ice types, the ice map provides important and necessary input for environmental protection and management, ice control and ice breaking operations, and ice forecasting and modeling efforts.     

THE USE OF TRANSMISSION AND TRANSFLECTANCE NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF BEER

Both transmission and transflectance near infrared spectroscopy have been evaluated for the rapid analysis of beer components. Results of sufficient accuracy have been obtained for ethanol content and Original Gravity. Application of a first derivative mathematical treatment on the spectral data improved calibration equations. Better accuracy was achieved using the transmission mode compared to that using the transflectance mode.     

Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence of Y2O3:Yb, Er Microstructures

The Y2O3: Yb3 , Er3 microstructures were fabricated by a hydrothermal method without surfactants.The microstructures structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM,KYKY 1000B).The up-conversion luminescence spectra were studied under 978 nm laser diode excitation.In Yb3 and Er3 codoped Y2 O3 microcrystals, the relative intensity of green emission became stronger as the morphology of sample changed from wires to films.     

从水淬渣中回收镓的试验研究

对鼓风炉（ISP法）或烟化炉水淬渣中回收镓的工艺进行了研究。结果表明，利用浓硫酸恒温熟化的独特浸出工艺，克服硅对液固分离的影响；以伯胺N9123作为萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取镓；获得了含镓品位为2.82%的富集物。     

棕刚玉粉中Al2O3含量分析方法的探讨

对耐火材料——棕刚玉粉的质量分析控制，提出了用实用性的检测方法测定其Al2O3含量。通过与国家标准分析方法的对比试验，证实快速实用分析方法测定棕刚玉粉中Al2O3含量是可行的。     

CO2压缩机节油措施与效果

本分析了山西分公司二期CO2压缩机润滑油消耗高的原因，介绍了采取的针对措施以及2002年取得的节能效果，并进一步指出了CO2压缩机的节能空间。     

Extensions of LDA by PCA mixture model and class-wise features

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a data discrimination technique that seeks transformation to maximize the ratio of the between-class scatter and the within-class scatter. While it has been successfully applied to several applications, it has two limitations, both concerning the underfitting problem. First, it fails to discriminate data with complex distributions since all data in each class are assumed to be distributed in the Gaussian manner. Second, it can lose class-wise information, since it produces only one transformation over the entire range of classes. We propose three extensions of LDA to overcome the above problems. The first extension overcomes the first problem by modelling the within-class scatter using a PCA mixture model that can represent more complex distribution. The second extension overcomes the second problem by taking different transformation for each class in order to provide class-wise features. The third extension combines these two modifications by representing each class in terms of the PCA mixture model and taking different transformation for each mixture component. It is shown that all our proposed extensions of LDA outperform LDA concerning classification errors for synthetic data classification, hand-written digit recognition, and alphabet recognition.     

Study on Adsorption Behavior of Rare Earth Complexes on Nanometer-Size Titanium Dioxide with ICP-AES

Inrecentyears ,rareearthelements (REEs)havebeenwidelyusedinfunctionalmaterials ,cata lystsandotherproductsinindustry ,diagnosisreagentsofmagneticresonanceimaging (MRI)inmedicineandsomefertilizersinagricultureespeciallyinChina .However,asaresultoftheirusage ,moreandmoreREEsaregettingintotheenvironment,andalsointohumanbodyviafoodchain[1,2 ] .Itisnotclearwhetherrareearthelementsareessentialforman ,soitisveryurgenttostudythebiologicaleffectofrareearthelementsinhumanhealthandenvironment .Inthes…     

溶液中微量甲基异丁基酮的分析方法

研究了微量甲异丁基酮在氟氧铌酸（H2NbOF5)及氟钽酸（H2TaF7)溶液中存在的形式，找到利用碘仿-硫代硫酸钠联合滴定的方法，来标定微量甲基异丁基酮在H2NbOF5及H2TaF7溶液中的含量，本方法在钽铌冶炼过程中操作简便易行且结果重现性好。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸正丙酯

研究了固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化丙酸与正丙醇的酯化反应，探讨了催化剂用量，反应时间及醇酸摩尔比对酯收率的影响。当醇酸摩尔比为1.3:1，催化剂的量为醇酸总质量的1.5%。反应时间为1.0h，酯产率可达71.4%以上，采用该催化剂合成丙酸正丙酯不仅酯化反应温度低，反应时间较短，催化剂用量少，而且可较好地回收利用，可降低成本；因此，TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成丙酸正丙酯的优良催化剂，具有良好的应用前景。