Surface Deformation Field of Eastern Gansu Province by PS-InSAR Technique with Sentinel-1A

Through taking 97 Sentinel-1A SAR images from October 2014 to May 2019 covered most parts of Eastern Gansu province as experimental data, we monitored the surface deformation applying PS-InSAR technique for superimposed data processing based on ISCE and StaMPS to obtain the annual mean LOS rate of surface deformation field. Moreover, we filtered the LOS velocity field using two-dimensional mesh filtering to obtain the variation characteristics of the subsidence center. Our results reveal that there have two patterns of surface deformation. (1) Ground deformation caused by tectonic activity mainly locates around Haiyuan fault, whose mean annual LOS rate of deformation is ~1mm/a. However, there is no obvious deformation near the Liupanshan fault. Meanwhile, the internal deformation of the Ordos Block is subtle. (2) Another surficial deformation caused by mining activity occurs in the regions of Huating Mining Area and Ningzheng Mining Area, in which a ground subsidence funnel has been found. According to the time series deformation characteristic analysis of the settlement center, we know the mean annual LOS rate of deformation in the Huating Mining Area and Ningzheng Mining Area are ~8 mm/a and ~30 mm/a, respectively.     

The new three-dimensional subsidence influence function denoted by n–k–g

This study presents a three-dimensional development of the n–k–g influence function with the aim of predicting subsidence phenomena and characterizing the shape and dimensions of the corresponding trough. The parameters “n” and “k” characterize the ground and “g” is related to the gravity. This function depends on two physical concepts: the first is gravity, which characterizes the forces acting on the ground, and the second, the convergence of the roof and floor of the mine workings due to the stress state of the ground. Caving in of the roof generates direct subsidence, and the swelling of the floor, indirect subsidence, which allow us to establish the shape of the trough.The physical concepts introduced are fundamental in the mathematical implementation of the n–k–g influence function, allowing a more intuitive interpretation of the subsidence trough and notably facilitating the work of calibration, validation and sensitivity analysis. These concepts likewise allow the scope of application of influence functions to be extended to non-horizontal seams, also taking into account the quality of the rock mass and the presence of preferential sliding directions, in both the roof and the floor of the seam.In the development of this paper, we shall first see the physical concepts considered, to then present the three-dimensional implementation of our n–k–g influence function. We shall see the results obtained when calibrating the proposed numerical model with real data obtained from subsidence measurements in a coalmine in the Coal Basin of Asturias, situated in the North of Spain.     

程潮铁矿东区地表移动的监测与分析

程潮铁矿东区受地下开采的影响。地表已出现了不同规模的塌陷和错动，在地表布设67个监测点进行了多年监测，通过对监测结果的分析，得出该矿区地表移动，塌陷的规律是：随着采矿深度增大，矿体倾角变小，矿体厚度增大，地表移动，塌陷更加急剧的向西，向南北向扩展。     

采矿塌陷区降雨渗水特点及其防治

采矿塌陷区的形成，对采场上覆岩体的水文地质条件产生不利的影响，降雨渗入到采场将造成不同程度的危害。本文在分析采矿塌陷区降雨渗水特点的基础上，提出了塌陷区降雨渗水防治的措施。     

梅山铁矿塌陷区塌落规律分析

依据梅山铁矿岩体崩落的具体过程，通过对上部岩体的崩落机理及崩落体内不同块度散体的流动规律分析，运用散体运动规律预测了崩落体内岩石的块度分布及运动特征。     

充填开采地表移动变形规律数值模拟分析

为了研究充填开采地表移动变形规律,简要介绍了地下开采引起的地表移动和变形5项指标对地表建筑物影响情况,分析了5项指标之间的内在联系和对地表建筑物造成破坏的直接原因,引入了地表“下沉梯度”和“水平移动梯度”的概念,从而对充填开采提出了新的评价指标和要求,在减缓地表下沉量和水平移动量的基础上,需要重点关注对梯度的控制情况。针对新阳矿十采区10203充填开采工作面现场条件建立FLAC3D数值模型,对比分析充填法和垮落法开采的地表移动梯度变化规律。研究表明:充填开采减小了地表下沉量和水平移动量,显著降低了地表下沉梯度和水平移动梯度,地表趋近于均匀下沉和连续变形,能够有效地保证地表建筑物的安全。     

开采沉陷预计在矿区土地复垦中的应用

依照安徽某矿区逐年开采计划,利用自主开发的沉陷预计软件MSPS对开采工作面进行预计,分析未来5年内该矿区沉陷区、积水区范围和地物破坏情况,并计算出塌陷地复垦应投入的资金量,为该矿区制定塌陷地复垦远景规划和投入资金提供依据,对其他矿区塌陷地治理有一定的借鉴意义。     

金属矿层开采地表下沉系数研究

针对金属矿山的复杂地质条件和多变矿体形态的特点,结合在极坐标系下预计矿层地表沉陷的数学模型不需要对采空区进行修正的优点,引入了基于概率积分理论的极坐标数学模型。通过分析金属矿山开采地表出现台阶下沉的非连续移动变形特点,结合覆岩破坏的力学分析,得出了预计金属矿山开采地表下沉系数为分段函数的结论,很好地解释了地表非连续变形和出现塌陷的现象,为进一步研究金属矿层开采对地表造成的损害特征与规律奠定了基础,对指导现场具有一定的意义。     

电力设施建设中湿陷性黄土地基的处理方法及工程措施

目前在电力工程建设中遇到的湿陷性黄土地基较多，常出现建、构筑物地基因湿陷而引起不均匀沉降，对施工造成很大威胁。文章对湿陷性黄土土质进行了分析，针对土质特性，从地基处理、防水、结构等方面提出了有效的工程措施。     

基于GIS的建筑物沉降监测数据的三维可视化分析

应用专业GIS软件MapInfo professional 6.5的地图编辑、数据管理、空间分析和三维模拟等功能对北京科技大学2#学生公寓的沉降监测数据进行分析和处理,利用数字高程模型(DEM)建立建筑物的沉降变形专题图和三维模拟图.实践表明将GIS应用于建筑物沉降监测的工作中可以使沉降变形三维可视化,相比过去单纯依靠数据和报表进行描述更加直观、生动,有利于施工人员及时、有效地了解沉降变形信息,为工程施工和决策提供技术支持,也是将地理信息系统应用于土木工程日常施工与管理的一种有益尝试和探索.