Tuning the Model Predictive Control of a Crude Distillation Unit

Tuning the parameters of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) of an industrial Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) is considered here. A realistic scenario is depicted where the inputs of the CDU system have optimizing targets, which are provided by the Real Time Optimization layer of the control structure. It is considered the nominal case, in which both the CDU model and the MPC model are the same. The process outputs are controlled inside zones instead of at fixed set points. Then, the tuning procedure has to define the weights that penalize the output error with respect to the control zone, the weights that penalize the deviation of the inputs from their targets, as well as the weights that penalize the input moves. A tuning approach based on multi-objective optimization is proposed and applied to the MPC of the CDU system. The performance of the controller tuned with the proposed approach is compared through simulation with the results of an existing approach also based on multi-objective optimization. The simulation results are similar, but the proposed approach has a computational load significantly lower than the existing method. The tuning effort is also much lower than in the conventional practical approaches that are usually based on ad-hoc procedures.     

Recognition of Multifunctional Coded Target in Single-camera Mobile 3D-vision Coordination Measurement

Single-camera mobile-vision coordinate measurement is one of the primary methods of 3D-coordinate vision measurement, and coded target plays an important role in this system. A multifunctional coded target and its recognition algorithm is developed, which can realize automatic match of feature points, calculation of camera initial exterior orientation and space scale factor constraint in measurement system. The uniqueness and scalability of coding are guaranteed by the rational arrangement of code bits. The...     

纤维板目标厚度和目标密度对剖面密度分布的影响

剖面密度分布(VDP)是影响纤维板物理力学性能的重要因素之一.本文采用单因子试验法分析了目标厚度和目标密度对纤维板VDP的影响.结果表明,目标厚度增加,表层最高密度增加、芯层最低密度降低,VDP曲线形状更加陡峭;目标密度增大,表层最高密度和芯层最低密度均增大,但对VDP曲线的形状几乎没有影响.     

Subsurface crack determination by one-sided ultrasonic measurements

Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete is a common type of damage. The cracks propagate from the steel bar to the surface without giving any visual sign prior to surface crack formation. As long as the surface material is intact, the sensitivity of the longitudinal wave velocity to the subsurface cracks is doubtful. In this paper, cracks were created in steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens by four point bending. Wave measurements took place on the intact surfaces (compression side) using common acoustic emission transducers. Although there was no visual sign of the crack, Rayleigh as well as longitudinal wave velocities clearly decreased relative to those of the sound material. Other parameters like the amplitude and the experimental scatter of the waves were much more sensitive to damage. Numerical simulations were conducted in order to make a parametric study concerning the depth of the sound layer, the propagating wavelength and the measured wave parameters and propose a firm methodology. It is concluded that by scanning a surface with simple acoustic one-sided measurements, the identification of the location of the subsurface damage is possible, while the propagating wave gives information about the depth of the crack.     

Multicomponent nanostructured films for various tribological applications

Many engineering materials working under severe cutting, stamping, or bearing conditions including humid and corrosive environments, as well as temperature fluctuation require a combination of chemical, mechanical, and tribological properties. For load-bearing metallic implants, the combination of excellent mechanical and tribological properties with biocompatibility and bioactivity is also of great importance. Desired properties can be achieved in hard films based on carbides, borides and nitrides of transition metals by alloying with metallic (Al, Cr, Zr) or nonmetallic (O, P, Si, Ca) elements. The present work demonstrates the potential of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), magnetron sputtering (MS), and ion implantation assisted MS of SHS-composite targets to produce multicomponent nanostructured films with enhanced combination of properties. Three groups of recently developed films for mechanical engineering and medicine are considered: hard tribological Ti–(Al, Cr)–(Si, B, C, N) films with enhanced thermal stability, corrosion and oxidation resistance; nanocomposite and multilayered TiCrBN/WSe_x films with improved lubrication; and multifunctional bioactive nanostructured (Ti, Ta)–(Ca, Zr)–(C, N, O, Si, P) films (MuBiNaFs).     

应用灰色关联分析对麦谷蛋白各组分含量与小麦面包烘烤品质指标间关系的探讨

本文应用灰系统理论中的关联分析方法,初步探讨了麦谷蛋白各组分含量与面包烘烤品质指标间的关系。文中将面包烘烤品质中的面包评分,面包体积,评价值三项指标作为母因素,讨论了与其它11项指标的联系密切程度,不仅验证了剩余蛋白含量可以作为评价小麦面包烘烤品质的重要指标,同时得出了评价面包烘烤品质的其它几个指标的重要程度。     

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Functionally Graded PVD Targets with a Ceramic Working Layer of TiB2-TiN or Ti5Si3-TiN

Two- and three-layer functionally graded PVD targets with a working layer (sputtering surface) based on TiN-TiB₂ or TiN-Ti₅Si₃ formation via the technology of forced SHS compaction were considered. It was shown that rather wide (up to 1 mm) transition diffusional zones providing firm adhesion of the layers were formed between the working, intermediate, and third layers. The compositions TiN + TiB₂ + 20%Cu and TiB₂ + 50%Cu were found to be optimum for the intermediate (damping) and third layers of the three-layer PVD targets. The specific features of phase and structure formation of the two- and three-layer products with the working layer based on TiN-TiB₂ and TiN-Ti₅Si₃ were elucidated. Variation of the chemical oven mass exerted a noticeable effect of reduction of the residual porosity and enlarging of the grains of the product phases owing to prolongation of the time for secondary structure formation. The relationship of the hardness of the layers in the functionally graded target on the chemical oven mass allow prediction of the properties of the resultant graded material systems.     

出入堆靶件保护装置的研制及应用

论述了一种用于高放射性场合监控远距离操作的拉力保护装置的设计,其可有效防止辐照靶件在出堆过程中被拉断,并能保证靶件置入到其辐照工位。装置由拉杆、重量传感器、遥控器、接收器及执行电路组成。在起吊重量超过正常值时,超重程度将反应到拉杆的行程距离上。其工作原理是在出现异常情况时,如辐照孔道中靶件卡住,由于装置受力远大于正常工作时所受力,造成弹簧压缩,拉杆向下,当弹簧受力达到我们设定的保护力时,即弹簧压缩行程达到设定的行程时,拉杆上撞击头撞击行程开关,使行程开关闭合,进而断开行车吊钩上升继电器信号和发射遥控信号,使吊钩停止上升和连通报警信号,确保靶件所受力远小于其强度,保证了靶件不被破坏。     

高性能混凝土腐蚀疲劳评价指标研究

混凝土腐蚀疲劳破坏是交变应力与腐蚀介质耦合作用的结果，对其研究目前国内外还仅出于理论探索阶段．本文利用自行设计的腐蚀疲劳加载试验装置，研究了高性能混凝土在三分点疲劳加荷及Na2SO4腐蚀溶液同时作用下的强度衰减规律，提出了评价高性能混凝土抗腐蚀疲劳破坏能力的腐蚀疲劳因子及腐蚀介质因子两项指标．结果表明，受腐蚀疲劳高性能混凝土的强度衰减幅度远超过浸泡腐蚀试件，水胶比、矿物掺合料对抗腐蚀疲劳有显著的影响．