提高硫精矿品位的工艺技术探索

对云浮低品位硫铁矿进行了磨矿细度、矿浆pH值、调整剂用量、捕收剂用量、工艺流程结构等试验,结果表明:原矿经一次粗选一次扫选二次精选,可以得到硫品位为48.82％,硫回收率为91.08％的硫精矿.     

Upgrading a rutile concentrate produced from Athabasca oil sands tailings

A rutile concentrate recently produced by Lakefield Research Ltd and Syncrude Canada Ltd from athabasca oil sands tailings was characterized and attempts were made to upgrade it to market-grade. The rutile concentrate contained 75.5% TiO₂, 18.7% Fe₂O₃, 1.03% Al₂O₃, 1.94% SiO₂, and 563 ppm Th+U. The amount of rutile (anatase) in the concentrate was estimated to be about 10-17%, and the remaining TiO₂ came from ilmenite in various altered forms. Magnetic separation could remove the Fe from the concentrate but it increased the SiO₂ content from 1.94 to 6.01%. A reverse flotation process was developed to remove the SiO₂. Although the fine dissemination of SiO₂ in the rutile matrix limited the removal of SiO₂, the upgraded rutile concentrate, containing 87-89% TiO₂, could be used as a feedstock to the chloride titanium pigment processes.     

洗溪高镁低品位磷块岩的合理选矿工艺

优先脱煤再采用正一反浮选流程选别洗溪磷矿．工艺合理、产品质量较好、经济效益明显,是开发利用洗溪磷矿的一个新途径。     

Chemical hydrodynamics of a downward microbubble flow for intensification of gas‐fed bioreactors

Bioreactors are of interest for value‐upgrading of stranded or waste industrial gases. Reactor intensification requires development of low cost bioreactors with fast gas–liquid mass transfer rate. Here we assess published reactor technology in comparison with a novel downward bubble flow created by a micro‐jet array. Compared to known technology, the advanced design achieves higher volumetric gas transfer efficiency (k_La per power density) and can operate at higher k_La. We measure the effect of four reactor heights (height‐to‐diameter ratios of 12, 9, 6, and 3) on the gas transfer coefficient k_L, total interfacial area a, liquid residence time distribution, energy consumption, and turbulent hydrodynamics. Leading models for predicting k_L and a are appraised with experimental data. The results show k_L is governed by “entrance effects” due to Higbie penetration dominate at short distances below the micro‐jet array, while turbulence dominates at intermediate distances, and finally terminal rise velocity dominates at large distances. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1399–1411, 2018     

Tethering of long-chain amino acids to a rigid aromatic core—A new type of preorganized surfactants acting as flotative agents

New oligofunctional surfactants prepared from ethyl 2-aminododecanoate hydrochloride and positional isomers of aromatic acid di- and trichlorides via amide bond formation, including also the monofunctional compound of comparison, have been synthesized. Surface properties of the new compounds, in particular critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at the CMC, effectiveness, and maximum surface excess, were determined. Moreover, their effectiveness at flotation using the model mineral fluorite was studied. We found that the surfactant parameters clearly depend on the number and position of the amphiphilic subunits attached to the aromatic core. We also found that a bundling of amphiphilic subunits, as performed, is profitable in the flotation of fluorite and that effects of preorganization due to the proximity and geometric grouping of the amphiphilic subunits are of importance. As a rule, the more amphiphilic subunits are included in the surfactant structure, the more efficient is the collecting agent, involving approximate enhancements of fluorite flotation by powers of 10 when going from mono- to bi- and trifunctional surfactant analogs, respectively. Nevertheless, the surface properties of the newly synthesized surfactants do not directly correlate with the flotation data, which makes relations between surfactant structure and efficiency of fluorite flotation at the current stage of development difficult to determine. Future studies relating to this problem are suggested.     

黄铜矿浮选工艺及捕收剂研究进展

阐述了黄铜矿的矿物特征和浮选特性,对黄铜矿的浮选工艺、新型浮选捕收剂以及浮选捕收剂的组合应用进行了概述,认为研制出捕收性能强、选择性好的新型捕收剂是黄铜矿浮选捕收剂的发展方向。     

高硅钙质磷矿石中方解石成分浮选新工艺的研究

本文以细粒径高硅钙质磷矿中的钙质碳酸盐作为反浮选分离对象进行研究。采用在浮选前对矿物表面进行前处理的方法提升浮选效果,通过系列实验获得了在适宜的前处理工艺条件:使用H3PO4调节pH值,使前处理矿浆pH值为5.5,药剂稀释液添加量为100kg.t-1。在此工艺条件下,采用简单浮选药剂制度进行一次反浮选即可将原矿的P2O5含量从23.25%提升至29.5%,P2O5回收率可达90.42%。     

Correlation between surface free energy and floatability of galena with potassium ethyl xanthate

From the maximal extrapolated film pressure π_max values for n-octane and n-propanol, the dispersion and non-dispersion components of the surface free energy of galena precoated with potassium ethyl xanthate (collector) were estimated and they were then correlated with the floatability of galena. The collector layer deposited by methanol evaporation did not produce any significant changes in the surface free energy of galena. Polymolecular adsorption of the collector occurred from aqueous solution. The adsorbed collector layer of ~8 statistical monolayers in thickness produced a considerable decrease in the dispersion component of the surface free energy and complete disappearance of non-dispersion interactions. At this surface coverage, a certain change in the properties of the adsorbed layer appeared which was probably connected with the formation of polymolecular layers containing dixanthogen. The work of the water adhesion being significantly lower than the work of water cohesion appeared insufficient to achieve a high floatability of galena.     

沉降罐加气浮技术处理含聚污水的现场试验研究

为了提高油田含聚污水的处理效果,对污水站已建的沉降罐进行了改造。通过在自然沉降罐前增加管式反应器和在内部设置穿孔布气管,进行管式反应器单独气浮、穿孔布气管单独气浮及管式反应器和穿孔布气管同时气浮3种方式处理含油污水的现场试验。试验结果表明,与不加气浮自然沉降罐相比,3种气浮方式油的去除率都提高23%以上,SS去除率都提高了19%以上,并确定了合理的回流量。     

Electrochemical behavior of Ge and GeX2 (X = O, S) glasses: Improved reversibility of the reaction of Li with Ge in a sulfide medium

Sulfide glasses have been considered as new anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because their high ionic conductivity (approximately ≥10⁻⁴ S/cm) (more than one order of magnitude higher than oxide glasses (approximately ≤10⁻⁶ S/cm)) was expected to accelerate Li⁺ ion insertion into and extraction from anode materials during charge and discharge reactions. This intrinsic property can yield the reversible lithium-alloying reaction by minimizing the aggregation of lithium-alloy phases leading to the improvement of cycling behavior. To examine sulfide glasses as new anode materials, GeS₂ glass was chosen for study in this work due to its stability in air-atmospheres. The electrochemical properties of the GeS₂ glass were compared with those of the Ge metal and GeO₂ glass. The initial insertion of lithium into the GeX₂ (X = O, S) glasses leads to the formation of Li₂X (X = O, S) phases associated with the irreversible capacity on the first cycle. The improved reversibility of the reaction of lithium with Ge was observed in the Li₂S medium rather than Li₂O one, which leads to the improvement of cycle performance in the GeS₂ glass anode.