含硫油品储罐自燃灾源温度场的数值模拟

目前在役储罐的温度场难以准确的描述,对安全作业造成隐患。基于国内外储罐自燃机理研究,建立了含自燃灾源的储罐物理模型和数学模型,利用ANSYS有限元平台分析了自燃灾源、保温层厚度、环境温度及空气对流系数对含硫油品储罐温度场的影响.数值模拟结果表明,随着自燃灾源的持续氧化,外壁温度场异常区域逐渐明显;增加保温层厚度,外壁异常区域温差减小的趋势由大变小,当厚度达到30mm时,最大温差降至0.4℃;升高环境温度,外壁异常区域温差均匀降低,当环境温度达到35℃时,外壁温度基本趋于环境温度;增加空气对流系数,外壁异常区域温差快速减小,当空气对流系数达到100W/(m·℃)时,外壁温度接近环境温度,且外壁温差基本趋于一致.     

The process window for diamond deposition from the vapor phase with sulfur in the C–H–O feed gas mixtures

Theoretical predictions using a modified radical species ternary diagram for C–H–O system indicate that addition of sulfur expands the C–H–O gas phase compositional window for diamond deposition. Sulfur addition to no-growth domain increases the carbon super-saturation by binding the oxygen and the addition of sulfur to the non-diamond domain reduces the heavy carbon super-saturation by decreasing C_nH_m species concentration in the gas phase. The overall effect of sulfur addition to gas phase mixtures is characterized as that of oxygen addition to the C–H system, i.e. expansion of the compositional window over which diamond can be deposited from the gas phase. In addition, the increasing sulfur concentration to diamond domain feed gases beyond 2000 ppm did not affect the steady state gas phase composition but the quality of diamond was reduced.     

无线腐蚀监测技术在硫磺回收装置的应用

本文通过介绍无线腐蚀监测技术在硫磺回收装置的使用及运行情况,对其价值及效益做出了评价。     

基于P89C668单片机的智能定硫仪系统设计

该仪器根据GB214-2007《煤中全硫的测定方法》库仑滴定法原理设计,全部测试过程采用单片机自动控制,系统主要侧重于电路简单、系统抗干扰能力强、测硫精度高和控制温度科学等方面的研制。该方法与目前采用的艾士卡重量分析法和高温燃烧中和法相比具有测定迅速、结果准确的优点。     

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长庆气田第一净化厂从德国Linde公司引进了一套采用Clinsulf-o工艺的硫磺回收装置,用以处理1200×104m3/d  MDEA脱硫装置产生的酸性气体,该酸气H₂S含量为1.3%～3.4%（摩尔分数）。装置于2004年4月底建成投产,截至目前装置运行情况良好,实际硫回收率平均为94.85%,硫磺纯度为99.9%,排放尾气中的H₂S含量和CO₂含量均符合我国当前的排放标准。     

Sulphur poisoning of nickel-based hot gas cleaning catalysts in synthetic gasification gas II. Chemisorption of hydrogen sulphide

The effect of different components of gasification gas on sulphur poisoning of nickel catalysts were studied. In addition, the sulphur distribution and content of nickel catalyst beds were analysed to account the poisoning effect of sulphur on the activity of catalysts to decompose tar, ammonia and methane. The desorption behaviour of chemisorbed sulphur from the bed materials was monitored by temperature programmed hydrogenation (TPH). It was established that bulk nickel sulphide was active in decomposing ammonia in high-temperature gasification gas-cleaning conditions. The decomposing activity of methane was not affected by bulk nickel sulphide formation, but that of toluene was decreased. The activity of the catalyst regained rapidly when H₂S was removed from the gas. However, the conversion of ammonia was not regained at as high a level as before sulphur addition, most probably due to irreversible sulphur adsorption on the catalyst. The temperature increase could also be used to regenerate the catalyst performance especially in respect to methane and toluene. Sulphur adsorbed on nickel catalysts in different chemical states depends on the process conditions applied. At >900°C the sulphur adsorbed on the catalyst formed an irreversible monolayer on the catalyst surfaces, while at <900°C the adsorbed sulphur, probably composed of polysulphides (multilayer sulphur), was desorbed from the catalyst in sulphur-free hydrogen containing atmosphere. However, a monolayer of sulphur still remained on the catalyst after desorption. The enhanced effect of high total pressure on sulphur-poisoning of nickel catalysts could be accounted for the increased amount of sulphur, probably as a mode of polysulphides, adsorbed on the catalyst.     

Experimental and theoretical insights into sulfur resistance of transition metal-doped Cu–Fe spinel during chemical looping combustion

A series of transition-metal doped Cu–Fe spinel oxygen carriers (M-CuFe₂O₄, M = Mn, Cr, Co and Ni) were synthesized and examined for their sulfur resistance by 500 ppm H₂S in N₂ atmosphere. The results showed that H₂S vulcanized the M-CuFe₂O₄ surfaces and led to the generation of metal sulfide. The gaseous sulfur product was mainly SO₂. The interaction between sulfur and CuFe₂O₄ was weakened when doping transition-metal into Fe site of CuFe₂O₄, especially Cr as dopant. The increase of temperature had an obvious impact on the reaction between H₂S and the adsorbed oxygen species. Cr dopant reduced the enrichment of sulfur element on the surface, and it showed the weakest affinity towards sulfur because of the lowest orbital hybridization between S and Cr atom below the Fermi level. Moreover, the energies barriers of H₂S dissociation over Cr–CuFe₂O₄ surface were obviously higher than those over CuFe₂O₄.