Numerical analysis of the axial strength of CHS T-joints reinforced with external stiffeners

This study reinforced circular hollow section (CHS) T-joints with external stiffeners and analyzed the axial strength of both the unreinforced and reinforced T-joints. The SHELL181 element in ANSYS was used to establish FE models of the T-joints. A comparison between the experimental results indicated that the numerical method could be used to compute the strength for the unreinforced and reinforced CHS T-joints. To further investigate the reinforcement effect of the external stiffeners, a numerical parametric study was conducted. The study then evaluated the variations in strength of differently sized stiffeners. It was found that the joint strength increased significantly as the size of the stiffener increased. The reinforcement effect is more dependent on the stiffener length than on the stiffener height, but it is reasonable to adopt stiffeners with equal lengths and heights since this shape is commonly-used in engineering projects.     

Defects and tensile properties of 6013 aluminum alloy T-joints by friction stir welding

In this paper, 6013-T4 T-joints were successfully fabricated with different welding parameters by friction stir welding in two different combination modes of skins and stringers. The distribution features and formation mechanisms of defects in T-joints were observed and analyzed. The effect of defects and welding parameters on tensile properties of T-joints was investigated. The result shows that the T-joint without tunnel defect only can be obtained with the traverse speed of 100 mm/min in this experiment, and the welding parameters influence the features and sizes of kissing bond defects. The fracture of T-joints along the shin is attributed to the kissing bond defect and the tunnel defect is the main factor affecting the tensile properties along the stringer.     

Hysteretic behaviour of tubular T-joints reinforced with doubler plates after fire exposure

The hysteretic behaviour of tubular T-joints reinforced with doubler plates was experimentally and numerically investigated in this study. Two specimens were tested to failure under cyclic axial load at the brace end, one under ambient temperature and the other after fire exposure. Specimens with identical material and geometric properties were compared. The failure modes of the specimens were cracking along the weld toe at the intersection of the plate and brace. The results indicated that the hysteretic behaviour and energy dissipation of the joint after fire exposure were smaller than those at ambient temperature. The finite element package ABAQUS was then used to simulate the joint specimens. In a comparison of the hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, energy dissipation and failure location, the simulation and experimental results were in good agreement. The finite element method was subsequently used to carry out a parametric study. Parameters τ and ε had little influence on the post-fire hysteretic behaviour of the joint, but joints with a large γ or small α, β, or ξ values had a low capacity for hysteretic behaviour after fire exposure.     

A fracture mechanics approach to estimate the fatigue endurance of welded t-joints including residual stress effects

Residual stresses and weld defects play a major role in the fatigue behaviour of welded structures, so these effects need to be accounted for in a theoretical analysis. A simplified engineering procedure based on linear‐elastic fracture mechanics is applied to estimate the fatigue behaviour, particularly the limit of endurance. Local geometrical irregularities and pre‐existing flaws, which are typical for this kind of weld, are covered by an overall notch intensity factor instead of a specific stress intensity factor, so the initial flaw size is not needed explicitly in the analysis. The effect of residual stresses can be easily included. The cut‐compliance method was applied to measure the residual stress distribution on the cross‐section of the weld. A welded T‐joint was used as a benchmark. Unexpectedly, compressive residual stresses were found to prevail in the root region. According to the analysis, they contribute to the endurance limit of the considered joint by about 50%. This result was confirmed by fatigue tests where a significant decrease in the fatigue strength after a post‐weld stress relieving heat treatment was observed.     

焊接顺序对T型接头角焊缝残余变形的影响

为研究焊接顺序对T型接头角焊缝残余变形的影响,对平对接接头的焊接过程进行数值模拟和焊接实验,验证焊接模拟的合理性;建立T型接头双面角焊缝的有限元模型,采用生死单元技术和热结构耦合的方法对T型接头焊接过程中的温度场和应力场进行数值模拟,分析4种焊接顺序对其残余变形的影响。结果表明,模拟结果与残余应力测试结果吻合良好,说明焊接模拟过程合理有效。T型接头在焊后发生了挠曲变形,焊接顺序2的残余变形最小,变形量为0.61 mm,采用从两侧向中间的焊接顺序能够减小T型接头的残余变形。     

薄板T型接头TIG焊温度场的研究

运用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS,建立了适当的模型对薄板T型TIG焊接接头的温度场进行了数值模拟。模拟中考虑了随温度变化的材料性能,考虑了模型的对流和辐射换热以及潜热的影响。采用热电偶测量了典型位置的温度场以验证模拟结果,结果表明,建立的模型能较准确地模拟薄板TIG焊的温度场。     

Numerical analysis and experiment of composite sandwich T-joints subjected to pulling load

This paper presents an investigation into the failure mechanism and alternative design of composite sandwich T-joints subjected to pulling load. Based on a conventional design of sandwich T-joint as the baseline, numerical modeling and analysis using finite element (FE) method was performed to assess the strength against pulling load. The effect of a cutout in the web panel near the joint has been considered. To validate the models, sandwich T-joint samples were manufactured and tested. Detailed FE analysis and inspection of the experimental results indicated that the failure was mainly due to the excessive stress in the adhesive between the cleat flange and the T-joint base panel. The manufacture defects, which reduced the strength of the T-joint test samples had also been investigated. This has been further demonstrated by experimental results of repaired T-joint samples. A very good correlation between the test data and FE results were obtained. An unconventional design of T-joint for simpler manufacture process was proposed. Based on the design, T-joint samples were modeled, manufactured and tested to demonstrate the manufacture process and evaluate the improved strength.     

A study on the welding procedure of the first layer of the narrow groove welding for steel frames of building by welding robots

As for steel frames of buildings, the welding of single-bevel T-joints with steel backing is usually used. Recently, there have been some experimental reports concerning 25 degree groove welding by semi-automatic arc welding. However, it is not yet carried out in the actual field. The shortening of welding time leads to a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gas. Therefore, as this is an earth environment improvement, we expect this welding process in the steel frames of buildings to become attractive. In the same way as semi-automatic arc welding, the welding of the first layer is one of the biggest problems for the narrow groove welding in steel frames of buildings by welding robots. In this study, we researched actual assembling precision of T-joints, and we found the relationship between welding condition and crack occurrence. Our results demonstrated the probability of narrow groove welding of T-joints between square steel tubes and diaphragms in which robot welding was used.     

多道焊T型接头的数值模拟——连续焊与间断焊的比较

在线焊接由于其作业时不停止介质的传输,越来越得到人们的重视,然而由于介质有压力、温度等特性,必然对作业的安全性产生影响。在有内压时进行在线焊接,局部高温是引起烧穿的主要原因,本文将连续焊与间断焊时的温度场和应力场进行了比较,结果表明,采用间断焊可以有效降低焊接时的温度,但却产生了较大的残余应力。     

输变电钢结构T形接头焊缝浅析

介绍了T形接头相关的名词术语与定义、焊缝形式、计算厚度的计算方法,并从应用的角度阐述了相关标准、规范的规定,纠正了一些错误的认识和理解,并提出了一些经济、可靠的方案。