An FEC scheme combined with weighted scheduling to reduce multicast packet loss in IPTV over PON

Congestion is one of the most important challenges in optical networks. In a Passive Optical Network (PON), the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) is a bottleneck and congestion prone. In this paper, a framework is proposed with Forward Error Correction (FEC) at the IP layer combined with Weighted Round Robin (WRR) at the scheduling level to overcome packet-loss due to congestion in the OLT in order to achieve efficient video multicasting over PON. In the FEC scheme, Reed-Solomon (RS(n,k)) with erasure coding is used, where (n−k) erroneous symbols per n symbol blocks can be corrected. In our framework, an Internet Protocol TeleVision (IPTV) service provider uses the mentioned RS coding and generates redundant packets from regular IPTV packets in such a way that an Optical Network Unit (ONU) can recover lost packets from received packets, thus resulting in a better video quality. Simulation results show that using the proposed framework, an ONU can recover many lost packets and achieve better video quality under different traffic loads for its users. For instance, the proposed method can reduce packet loss rate by almost 55% and 10% under traffic load 0.9, respectively, compared with the Round Robin (RR) and WRR methods under symmetric traffic load. When High Receivers Queue (HRQ) traffic (i.e., traffic received by many users) is twice Low Receivers Queue (LRQ) traffic (i.e., traffic received by a small number of users), this reduction is almost 86% and 30% under traffic load 0.9. Finally, when LRQ traffic is twice HRQ traffic, the reduction in packet loss rate is almost 70% and 91% at traffic load 0.5.     

基于种群多样性的自适应PSO算法求解VRPSPD问题

为有效求解逆向物流车辆路径(VRPSPD)模型,本文提出一种基于种群多样性的自适应PSO算法(SDAPSO)。在SDAPSO运行时,根据种群多样性,自适应地对种群中运行较差的粒子进行扰动操作,提升这些粒子向最优解收敛的能力;同时,对全局最优粒子进行概率扰动,以增加种群的多样性。标准检测函数的仿真结果表明SDAPSO算法是对基本PSO算法的有效改进。在对VRPSPD模型求解中,通过与其它粒子群算法相比,表明SDAPSO是求解该类问题的一种有效方法。     

高铝高炉渣系的熔化特性

 为了掌握高Al₂O₃条件下(w(Al₂O₃)为15%以上)高炉渣系的熔化特性,利用差式扫描量热仪分析了不同w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)、碱度(R)以及w(Al₂O₃)对高铝高炉渣的熔化温度及熔化热的影响。试验结果表明,炉渣熔化开始温度为1 248～1 291 ℃、熔化结束温度为1 432～1 485 ℃、熔化热为137～211 J/g;当w(Al₂O₃)=15%、高w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)时,发生了共晶逆反应,导致高炉炉渣熔化开始温度逐渐降低,但由于高炉炉渣的液相线温度基本未变,所以炉渣熔化结束温度基本未发生改变;w(Al₂O₃)为20%时,随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)的增加,炉渣中易生成熔点较高的镁铝尖晶石,导致高炉炉渣熔化开始温度逐渐增大,与此同时,炉渣液相线温度逐渐降低,导致炉渣熔化结束温度逐渐降低;随着碱度R的增加,高炉炉渣中生成了具有高熔点的化合物、炉渣的液相线温度升高,使得高炉炉渣的熔化开始温度逐渐增加、炉渣熔化结束温度逐渐升高;随着w(Al₂O₃)的增加,发生了共晶逆反应,故炉渣的熔化开始温度逐渐降低,而随着w(Al₂O₃)的增加,炉渣中键能较大的Al—O键增多,需要在更高温度下才能实现炉渣的最终熔化,即熔化结束温度逐渐增加;随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)、R以及w(Al₂O₃)的增加,炉渣熔化热逐渐增多。分析认为,随着R的增加,炉渣中有高熔点化合物的生成,熔化热增加;随着炉渣中w(Al₂O₃)的增加,炉渣中Al—O键增多,解聚破坏熔渣结构消耗的热量增多;而随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)增加,高熔点化合物的生成或熔化开始温度降低,造成熔化热增加。     

等误差直线逼近非圆曲线节点计算新方法

传统的等误差直线逼近法从被逼曲线的端点开始计算节点.文章在此基础上提出一种非圆曲线节点计算新方法,以被逼曲线曲率半径最小点开始,按等误差法求取节点,再根据曲线规律对节点重新进行排序,输出节点坐标值.用该种方法逼近曲线,在逼近误差等于等误差法逼近误差的条件下,节点数少于等误差法求得的节点数,文中用C语言编写新方法求取节点程序,并与传统方法进行比较,最后用曲线方程进行验证,结论正确,具有实际意义.     

高压水清除氧化皮技术

本文系统地介绍了联邦德国Werner and Pfteiderer公司用高压水清除轧件及锻件表面氧化皮的新技术,包括高压水清除氧化皮的机理,水耗量及压力计算、喷嘴的设计、液压系统及轧制钢板和锻件表面氧化皮的高压水清理装置     

台阶内花键套筒冷挤压工艺研究

分析了台阶内花键套筒的冷挤压工艺 ,制定出冷挤压件图 ,确定了挤压方案及工艺流程 ,对各工序变形程度进行了校核 ,并计算出了挤压力,同时对挤压模具的设计制造进行了简单的介绍。     

多侧孔零件冲孔模设计

介绍了一副典型的多侧孔冲孔模的设计分析和模具结构。由于多侧孔冲压件，大多数是侧孔布置在冲压件的周围，因而冲孔凹模只能放在冲压件的内部，往往受到冲压件体积的限制，这样冲孔凹模的强度和刚度都受到极大影响，该文介绍了两种方法解决这一问题，可供同行在类似产品设计中参考。     

关于中国加入WTO后影视高等教育体系的构想

关于中国加入WTO以后,如何适应新的形势和面对新的竞争,从而构建新的影视高等教育体系?本文从以下三个方面进行了论述:21世纪是彩色读图时代,影视知识技术是人才所必备的三大基本知识技术之一;中国的影视教育必须构建学历教育、职业技能教育和成人继续教育相结合的国民教育体系以及四合一的教育教学模式和产学研相结合的人才培养体制及其运行机制。     

Influence of expandable graphite on fire resistance and water resistance of flame-retardant coatings

Expandable graphite (EG) coating and ammonium polyphosphate-pentaerythritol-melamine (APP-PER-MEL) coating were prepared. Thermal degradation and char formation of the coatings were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results have shown that the anti-oxidation and fire-resistant properties of expandable graphite coating containing EG with size of 74 μm are better than those of APP-PER-MEL coating. The static immersion test was applied to study water resistance of the coatings, and the fire protection test and mechanical test were used to analyse heat insulation and mechanical properties of coatings before and after water immersion. The fire-resistant and mechanical properties of APP-PER-MEL coating were severely damaged by water immersion, whereas EG coating containing 8.5% EG with size of 74 μm could retain the good fire resistance even after 500 h water immersion.     

国产纺丝机与引进分丝设备配套的分丝工艺研究

通过对国产VC406纺丝机与引进DW-200无捻拉伸机、MC16分丝络筒机等设备的配套和分丝生产工艺的研究,着重论述采用分丝路线生产锦纶高支单丝的纺丝、分丝工艺和该路线生产单丝的特点以及各工序对前道的要求。该配套生产线经一年多时间的正常运行,产品质量已达到国际同类产品的水平。证明有关纺丝设备的改造是成功的,工艺是可行的。