Understanding heterogeneous catalysis on an atomic scale: a combined surface science and reactivity investigation for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene over iron oxide catalysts

In order to study the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene, epitaxial iron oxide model catalyst films with Fe₃O₄(111), -Fe₂O₃(0001) and KFe _x O _y (111) stoichiometry were prepared in single crystal quality on Pt(111). They were investigated using surface science techniques before and after atmospheric pressure reaction experiments in a newly designed single crystal flow reactor. As expected from low-pressure measurements, Fe₃O₄(111) is catalytically inactive. The catalytic activity of -Fe₂O₃(0001) starts after an activation period of about 45 min. After that, the surface is essentially clean but shows a high concentration of defects. On the potassium-promoted films, however, the activation period is much longer, the activity then is higher and the surface gets covered completely with carbon and oxygen during reaction. This indicates a different reaction pathway on the promoted films with a carbon–oxygen species as catalytically active species.     

顶驱电机方案研究

阐述了顶驱电机的类型与特点,分析了顶驱钻井系统的钻进工况,并结合开关磁阻电机技术对顶驱电机方案进行了研究。     

一个安全高效的学生综合管理系统

为了解决学生管理系统的安全性和效率问题,分析了已有系统的不足,提出了一个安全高效的学生综合管理系统的解决方案。该方案利用C/S结构安全中间件,进行SQL Server 2000安全设置弥补TDS(TabularData Stream)协议漏洞、与已有数据库系统数据共享等方法,保证了管理系统的可用性和有效性,克服了已有系统存在的安全性不高、效率低下的不足。基于PowerBuilder的前端和SQL SERVER 2000的后台的系统运行结果表明,该方案可行有效。     

Discharge properties and chemical stability of SrZrO films

Abstract— MgO thin film is currently used as a surface protective layer for dielectric materials because MgO has a high resistance during ion sputtering and exhibits effective secondary electron emission. The secondary‐electron‐emission coefficient γ of MgO is high for Ne ions; however, it is low for Xe ions. The Xe content of the discharge gas of PDPs needs to be raised in order to increase the luminous efficiency. Thus, the development of high‐γ materials replacing MgO is required. The discharge properties and chemical surface stability of SrO containing Zr (SrZrO) as the candidate high‐γ protective layer for noble PDPs have been characterized. SrZrO films have superior chemical stability, especially the resistance to carbonation because of the existence of a few adsorption sites due to their amorphous structure. The firing voltage is 60 V lower than that of MgO films for a discharge gas of Ne/Xe = 85/15 at 60 kPa.     

政府质量管理模式——TDS循环

根据行为管理和质量管理的有关理论 ,结合我国目前的市场经济状况和质量工作特点 ,提出 TDS宏观质量管理模式 ,为进一步提高政府质量管理工作的有效性提供了理论依据     

用电阻率测深法探测地下水的矿化度--以银川平原为例

通过对银川平原孔旁电测深数据与钻孔的岩性、水质资料分析,认为地下水水质评价的重要参数之一,即矿化度与电阻率关系密切．利用地质数学统计方法建立含水岩组电阻率与地下水矿化度相关数学模型得出：银川平原南部淡水区形成与黄河补给关系密切,由黄河向平原总体为由淡向成的变化规律;西部淡水区范围受控于大气降水及贺兰山山洪垂直入渗以及基岩裂隙水侧向补给;中北部咸水分布范围受控于东部近黄河处第三系隆起,使得第三系高矿化度水向上顶托补给第四系,并向西顺层径流,造成银川平原地下水咸淡水界面总体呈现西深东浅之特征．     

Deuterium trapping by irradiation damage in tungsten induced by different displacement processes

The deuterium trapping behaviors in tungsten damaged by light ions with lower energy (10 keV C⁺ and 3 keV He⁺) or a heavy ion with higher energy (2.8 MeV Fe²⁺) were compared by means of TDS to understand the effects of cascade collisions on deuterium retention in tungsten. By light ion irradiation, most of deuterium was trapped by vacancies, whose retention was almost saturated at the damage level of 0.2 dpa. For the heavy ion irradiation, the deuterium trapping by voids was found, indicating that cascade collisions by the heavy ion irradiation would create the voids in tungsten. Most of deuterium trapped by the voids was desorbed in higher temperature region compared to that trapped by vacancies. It was also found that deuterium could accumulate in the voids, resulting in the formation of blisters in tungsten.     

Alternating temporal dominance of sensations and liking scales during the intake of a full portion of an oral nutritional supplement

Measurement of liking with consumers is often performed on a single sip or mouthful of the product and results in a single liking score that does not necessarily reflect the liking over consumption of a whole product. A dynamic approach could provide this type of information. Thus, obtaining reasons why the liking score is changing over consumption could help to gain insights for product improvement. Recently, Thomas, Visalli, Cordelle, and Schlich (2015) suggested collecting with the same consumers liking scores dynamically and Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) during mono-intakes of flavored cheeses, in two independent sessions. This new type of sensory data has been analysed at individual level to identify “temporal drivers of liking” for each product.The present paper further develops this method consisting of collecting TDS and dynamic liking data in the same session and during the consumption of the full portion of a product. The products used to experiment this new method were two commercial oral nutritional supplements (ONS) assessed by 65 consumers over two lab sessions separated by one week.The protocol consisted of a TDS evaluation of 5 flavor, 2 texture and 3 taste sensations during each sip, immediately followed by a liking scale. This protocol was repeated over sips. This method, named “Alternated Temporal Drivers of Liking” (A-TDL), required that consumers record liking changes and do TDS over sips during food consumption. Results showed that one of the two ONS was more liked than the other and consumed in a larger volume resulting in a higher energy intake. In contrast, the other product resulted in a stronger thirst and presented more negative temporal drivers of liking (dry, metallic, filming) over the consecutive sips.     

TDS3000B系列数字示波器维修技术研究

本文通过对TDS3000B系列数字示波器几类常见故障现象的总结归纳，在系统研究仪器自身结构特点和电路组成的基础上，结合日常维修工作实践分析了各类故障具体成因，综合运用比对测量、电路功能性分割、在线追踪等故障测量分析方法，分析测量数据，逆向绘制出仪器局部电路原理图，研究并形成了具有针对性的故障诊断定位方法以及维修关键技术。     

Establishing a food list for a Total Diet Study: how does food consumption of specific subpopulations need to be considered?

A Total Diet Study (TDS) consists of selecting, collecting and analysing commonly consumed foods to obtain concentration data of different chemical compounds in foods as eaten. A TDS food list summarises the most consumed foods and represents the dietary habits of the general population of the country under study. The work reported here investigated whether TDS food lists that were initially designed for the whole population of the country under study also sufficiently cover the dietary pattern of specific subpopulations that are extra vulnerable for certain contaminants. The work was performed using data of three European countries: the Czech Republic, France and the UK. Each national food consumption database was combined with the corresponding national TDS food list (containing 336, 212 and 119 food items for the Czech Republic, France and the UK, respectively). The data were aggregated on the highest level of hierarchy of FoodEx-1, a pan-European food classification system, including 20 main FoodEx-1 groups. For the group ‘milk and dairy products’, the coverage of the consumption by the food list was investigated for more refined subgroups. For each food group or subgroup and country, the average percentage of coverage of the diet by the national TDS food list was calculated for different subpopulations, including children versus adults, women versus men, vegetarians versus non-vegetarians, and women of child-bearing age versus older women. The average diet of the different subpopulations was sufficiently covered by the food list of the Czech Republic and France. For the UK the average coverage was low due to a different food-coding approach and because food lists were not derived directly from national food consumption data. At the level of the 20 main food groups, differences between the subpopulations with respect to the average coverage of consumption by the TDS food list were minimal. The differences were more pronounced when looking in detail at the coverage of the dairy consumption. TDS food lists based on the mean consumption of the general population are also applicable to study the chemical exposure of different subpopulations, e.g. children, women of child-bearing age and vegetarians. This lowers the effort when performing a TDS.