“三滩”水源地地下水演化及地球化学模拟

为探索兰州市"三滩"水源地水质恶化原因,基于兰州"三滩"水源地不同历史时期的水化学数据,结合对含水层结构的分析,采用反向水文地球化学模拟方法计算了南部高TDS地下水对水源地的补给量以及矿物相转化量。模拟结果从水化学角度进一步证实了南部黄土台塬区咸水入侵是马滩水源地地下水水质恶化的主要原因;水源地西侧的深沟断层割裂了咸水区与盆地的水力联系,这一特殊的水文地质结构是崔家大滩水质变化不大的主要原因。     

不同矿渣掺量水泥基材料表面接触性溶蚀试验

水泥基材料中的可溶性组分可在去离子水的作用下发生溶解,使得材料细观结构等发生改变,进而影响其耐久性。通过室内试验,研究不同矿渣掺量的水泥基材料在去离子水作用下接触性溶蚀特征。通过拟合,得出各周期内电导率值及最大值,并预测不同时刻各类试件侵蚀溶液的矿化度;再通过建立电导率和Ca~(2+)浓度关系,预测未来周期内Ca~(2+)浓度溶出量。结合电导率、侵蚀液的矿化度及Ca~(2+)浓度变化的数学方程,揭示了在水固比较低条件下,矿渣含量越高的水泥基试件,其抗表面接触性溶蚀越强的规律。     

江苏滨海平原微承压水层位水土体含盐特征及其相关性分析

通过采集测试土样和水样,分析了研究区地下水水化学特征和土体含盐特征。研究表明:江苏滨海平原地区微承压水为海相沉积水,以盐水为主,水化学类型主要为Cl-Na。微承压水盐分主要来自海水。成井层位土体含盐量较高,以弱盐渍土为主,盐渍土类型为氯盐渍土。土中盐分主要来自海水浸渍,且地下水中的Na+与地层中的交换性钙离子、镁离子产生了阳离子交换。土中易溶盐主要指标和地下水主要指标对应呈线性正相关,建立了矿化度和成井层位土体易溶盐各指标的线性回归模型,并采用HYRD1号井进行了验证,效果良好,说明了土体盐度分析在地下水咸化中的指示作用。     

Equivalent Hydrogen Fugacity during Electrochemical Charging of 980DP Steel Determined by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy

Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) is used to analyze hydrogen in 980DP after (i) electrochemical charging, and (ii) gaseous charging. The hydrogen concentration increases with (i) a more negative charging potential and (ii) an increasing hydrogen gas pressure. For charging in 0.1 M NaOH, the hydrogen fugacity for 980DP is similar to that for (i) low interstitial steel, and (ii) MS1500, and is greater than that for the 3.5NiCrMoV steel. This indicates an influence of steel chemistry on the hydrogen evolution reaction. The de‐trapping activation energies are 40.5 and 50.2 kJ mol^?1, indicating hydrogen traps at boundary defects.

     

总溶解固体含量(TDS)测量仪示值误差的不确定度评定

本文介绍了总溶解固体含量(TDS)测量仪的校准方法,并对其示值误差的不确定度进行评定。     

西山煤田古交矿区煤层气藏水文地质特征及其控气作用

煤层气藏的水文地质条件是控制煤层气运移、散失、分布和富集的重要因素之一。以西山煤田古交矿区为研究对象,分析产出水离子浓度、水质水型、矿化度和煤层含气量分布特征,结合地下水动力场分布特征,划分区域水文地质单元,并讨论不同单元内含气量分布特征及地质控制机理。结果表明:(1)该区煤层气井产出水离子以Na~+,HCO_3~-为主,水型主要为NaHCO_3型,该区煤层气井产出水矿化度介于632~2 512 mg/L,属于淡水-微咸水;(2)根据折算水位和矿化度分布特征将矿区划分为补给径流区、滞留区以及过渡地带的弱径流区3种水文地质单元,滞留区含气量最高,弱径流区次之;(3)古交矿区煤层气的富集成藏受构造、水文地质条件双重控制,在屯兰中部形成单斜-水力封堵型煤层气藏,为全区煤层气最为富集区,东曲断层比较发育,形成地垒-水力封堵型煤层气藏,为煤层气较为富集区。     

Anaerobic digestion of tannery soak liquor with an aerobic post-treatment

The leather industry occupies a place of prominence in the Indian economy due to its massive potential for employment, growth and exports. The potential environmental impact of tanning is significant. This study focuses on tannery soak liquor, generated by the soaking of hides and skins, which is characterised by high organic load and high salinity. For these reasons, the soak liquor should be segregated and pre-treated separately before being mixed with the composite wastewater, made of all other streams mixed together. The anaerobic digestion of tannery soak liquor was studied using a UASB. COD removal reached 78% at an OLR of 0.5 kg COD m(-3) d(-1), a HRT of 5 days and a TDS concentration of 71 gl(-1). The combination of the UASB with an aerobic post-treatment enhanced the performance of the overall wastewater treatment process and the COD removal efficiency of the combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment system reached 96%. However, for effective operation, the system had to be operated at very low OLRs, which affects the economic viability of such a process.     

Dietary Manganese Exposure in the Adult Population in Germany—What Does it Mean in Relation to Health Risks?

Manganese is both an essential nutrient and a potential neurotoxicant. Therefore, the question arises whether the dietary manganese intake in the German population is on the low or high side. Results from a pilot total diet study in Germany presented here reveal that the average dietary manganese intake in the general population in Germany aged 14–80 years is about 2.8 mg day^?1 for a person of 70 kg body weight. This exposure level is within the intake range of 2–5 mg per person and day as recommended by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. No information on the dietary exposure of children in Germany can be provided so far. Although reliable information on health effects related to oral manganese exposure is limited, there is no indication from the literature that these dietary intake levels are associated with adverse health effects either by manganese deficiency or excess. However, there is limited evidence that manganese taken up as a highly bioavailable bolus, for example, uptake via drinking water or food supplements, could pose a potential risk to human health—particularly in certain subpopulations—when certain intake amounts, which are currently not well defined, are exceeded.     

塔里木盆地南缘地下水勘查EH-4系统应用效果

通过塔里木盆地南缘干旱地区地下水勘查EH-4电导率成像系统应用与示范,总结出示范区第四系孔隙水不同分带区水文地质特征,建立了地层电阻率与地下水矿化度和岩性结构的变化关系,提出了盆地周缘地下水勘查物探技术的应用条件,为西北干旱地区地下水勘查提供了经验。